Exploring the Relationship of Bone Turnover Markers and Bone Mineral Density in Community-Dwelling Postmenopausal Women
Table 1
Characteristics of subjects in the study.
Variables
All participants ()
Confirmed OP ()
Osteopenia ()
Normal ()
value for difference
Unadjusteda
Adjustedb
Age (years)
63.14 (6.72)
65.06 (6.62)
62.33 (6.41)
60.06 (6.35)
<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)
25.32 (3.35)
24.41 (3.30)
25.65 (3.20)
26.97 (3.13)
<0.001
Time since menopause
13.36 (7.71)
15.76 (7.70)
12.51 (7.24)
9.69 (6.73)
<0.001
Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm2)
0.84 (0.14)
0.73 (0.09)
0.88 (0.08)
1.05 (0.09)
<0.001
<0.001
Femoral neck BMD (g/cm2)
0.69 (0.12)
0.61 (0.09)
0.71 (0.08)
0.85 (0.08)
<0.001
<0.001
Total hip BMD (g/cm2)
0.79 (0.13)
0.70 (0.10)
0.82 (0.08)
0.96 (0.08)
<0.001
<0.001
P1NP (ng/mL)
52.73 (41.02, 68.95)
56.98 (45.41, 74.72)
50.75 (39.70, 66.28)
45.20 (34.64, 55.15)
<0.001
<0.001
β-CTX (ng/mL)
0.27 (0.20, 0.35)
0.29 (0.23, 0.39)
0.25 (0.20, 0.33)
0.22 (0.18, 0.30)
<0.001
<0.001
History or comorbidity (%)
Cerebral infarction
81 (7.68%)
45 (10.42%)
32 (6.70%)
4 (2.80%)
0.01
Coronary heart disease
126 (11.94%)
57 (13.19%)
56 (11.70%)
13 (9.20%)
0.42
Dyslipidemia
267 (25.31%)
110 (25.46%)
119 (24.90%)
38 (26.80%)
0.90
Hypertension
450 (42.65%)
178 (41.20%)
213 (44.60%)
59 (41.5%)
0.58
Diabetes (type I)
3 (0.30%)
3 (0.70%)
0 (0.00%)
0 (0.00%)
0.12
Diabetes (type II)
193 (18.40%)
77 (17.90%)
86 (18.00%)
30 (21.10%)
0.66
Lifestyle factors (%)
Current smoking
50 (4.74%)
20 (4.63%)
27 (5.60%)
3 (2.10%)
0.45
Habitual drinking (≥once/week)
55 (5.21%)
18 (4.17%)
29 (6.00%)
8 (5.60%)
0.31
Regular exercise (≥3 times/week)
40 (3.79%)
17 (3.94%)
17 (3.70%)
6 (4.60%)
0.62
Milk intake (≥3 times/week)
731 (69.29%)
285 (65.97%)
350 (72.80%)
96 (67.60%)
0.07
Coffee intake (≥3 times/week)
33 (3.13%)
7 (1.62%)
20 (4.20%)
6 (4.20%)
0.25
: number of subjects; OP: osteoporosis; BMI: body mass index; BMD: bone mineral density; P1NP: procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide; β-CTX: β cross-linked C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen. Values are presented as the mean (standard deviation) or prevalence (%). a values were obtained by Student’s -test, Kruskal-Wallis test, or chi-square test. b values were obtained by analysis of covariance.
