Inflammatory Markers in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Hydrocephalus: A Systematic Literature Review

Table 1

Inflammatory markers in iNPH patients.

Result	Marker	References
↑↑	IL-6	[37, 38, 42]
	IL-1β	[37, 38]
	LRG	[33, 25]
↑	SP-G	[34]
	TβR-II	[33]
↓	TIMP-4	[26]
→ →	IL-8	[26, 36, 39]
	TNF-α	[36, 37, 42]
	CCL-2/MCP-1	[26, 36]
	IL-4	[37, 38]
	IL-33	[37, 38]
	sCD40L	[37, 38]
→	IL-12	[42]
	IL-12p40	[32]
	L-selectin	[26]
	MMP-9	[26]
	TGF-β2	[33]
	TIMP-1	[26]
	TIMP-2	[26]
	YKL-40	[27]
Contr	IL-21	[37, 38]
	TGF-β1	[26, 32, 33]
	IL-12p70	[32, 36]
	IL-17A	[37, 38]
	IL-22	[37, 38]
	IL-31	[37, 38]
	IL-10	[32, 36–39, 42]

↑↑ = most evidence: significantly increased in iNPH patients in two or more studies, and maximum one study reports a contradictory result. ↑ = limited evidence: significantly increased in iNPH patients in a single study. ↓ = limited evidence: significantly decreased in iNPH patients in a single study. → → = most evidence: no significant difference in two or more studies, and maximum one study reports a contradictory result. → = no significant difference in a single study. Contr = contradicting results. Abbreviations: IL: interleukin; LRG: leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein; SP-G: surfactant protein-G; TβR-II: transforming growth factor beta type II receptor; TIMP: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; CCL: C-C motif chemokine ligand; MCP: monocyte chemoattractant protein; sCD40: soluble CD40 ligand; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; TGF: transforming growth factor; YKL40: chitinase-3-like protein.