Prevalence and Nonpharmacological Interventions for Sarcopenia among Cirrhotic Patients

Table 1

Main diagnostic modalities of sarcopenia that were considered in cirrhotic patients.

Author (year)	Modality of diagnosis	Cut-off point for sarcopenia in cirrhotics
Saeki et al. (2019) [21]	Skeletal muscle mass index (kg/m^2) using bioelectrical impedance analysis and handgrip strength (kg) using a digital dynamometer based on the criteria of Asian working group for sarcopenia (AWGS), Japan society of hepatology (JSH), and European working group on sarcopenia in older people (EWGSOP2).	For skeletal ms mass index:  kg/m^2 and  kg/m^2.; For handgrip strength:  kg and  kg
Sinclair et al. (2019) [22]	Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) for upper limb lean mass/height-adjusted (kg/m^2).	kg/m^2
Hari et al. (2019) [23]	Diagnostic ultrasound for quadriceps and psoas muscle diameter to height ratio (cm).	Not detected. While the psoas diameter to height ratio was strongly correlated with the mortality rate of cirrhotic patients
Hanai et al. (2019) [24]	Hand-grip strength (kg).	kg and  kg
Praktiknjo et al. (2018) [25]	Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the level of superior mesenteric artery on the fat-free muscle area (mm^2).	mm^2 and  mm^2
Gu et al. (2018) [26]	Computed tomography (CT) for psoas muscle thickness adjusted/height (mm/m) and area (mm^2).	For thickness/height:  mm/m and  mm/m. For muscle area:  mm^2 and  mm^2
Belarmino et al. (2017) [27]	Phase angle in degrees through bioelectrical impedance analysis of the skeletal muscle index (kg/m^2).	Phase , skeletal muscle  kg/m^2 for  kg/m^2 for females
Lai et al. (2017) [28]	Liver frailty index, depending on gender, handgrip strength, and balance with a ranged score of 0-7.
Wang et al. (2015) [29]	Short physical performance battery assessing frailty with a score up to 12.
Carey et al. (2010) [30]	Six-min walk test (m).	Sarcopenia with <250 m