Prevalence and Nonpharmacological Interventions for Sarcopenia among Cirrhotic Patients

Table 2

Main intervention modalities that were considered in the treatment of sarcopenia in cirrhotic patients.

Author (year)	Modality of treatment	Outcome measures	Main findings
Kruger et al. (2018) [43]	Nutrition plus home exercise.	Six-min walk test and VO2 peak.	↑ 6MWT and VO2 peak ().
Berzigotti et al. (2017) [47]	Nutrition plus 40 min of aerobic and strengthening exercises.	Weight and hepatic venous pressure gradient.	↓ Hepatic venous pressure and body weight ().
Román et al. (2016) [40]	Relaxation plus 10-30 min of moderate-intensity cycling and treadmill walking exercise.	Ventilatory anaerobic threshold, effort time, body fat, and Up & Go test.	↑ Ventilatory anaerobic threshold, effort time. ↓ Body fat and Up & Go test.
Macías-Rodríguez et al. (2016) [44]	Nutrition plus 40 min cycling and kinesiotherapy.	Ventilator threshold and ventilatory efficiency.	↓ Ventilator threshold and ↑ ventilatory efficiency and physical activity ().
Debette-Gratien et al. (2015) [41]	Therapeutic educations with 20 min cycling exercise.	Six-min walk test, VO2 peak, muscle strength, ventilator threshold.	↑ VO2 peak, muscle strength, 6MWT, and ventilatory threshold ().
Román et al. (2014) [45]	10 gm of leucine/day plus cycling, treadmill walking, and resisted exercises.	Exercise capacity, muscle mass, and quality of life.	↑ Exercise capacity, muscle mass, and quality of life ().
Zenith et al. (2014) [42]	30 min moderate intensity of cycling aerobic exercise.	VO2 peak, muscle mass, and quality of life.	↑ VO2 peak, muscle mass, and quality of life ().
Pattullo et al. (2013) [46]	Nutrition plus walking for 10,000 steps.	Steps per day, dietary intake, BMI, and HOMA-IR.	↑ Steps per day, and ↓ dietary intake, BMI, and HOMA-IR ().