Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis Associated with Ovarian Teratoma in South China-Clinical Features, Treatment, Immunopathology, and Surgical Outcomes of 21 Cases

Table 1

General and clinical characteristics in patients having clinical improvement after surgery and patients having no improvement after surgery ().

Parameters	Patients having improvement after surgery ()^§	Patients having no improvement after surgery ()^€
Age (y)			-1.403	0.178
Fertilized women	3 (17.6%)	2 (66.7%)		0.140
History of ovarian surgery	2 (11.8%)	0 (0.0%)		0.716
Clinical features [5]
Prodromal symptoms
Fever (°C)	4 (23.5%)	1 (33.3%)		0.601
Headache	6 (35.3%)	2 (66.7%)		0.620
Initial symptoms				0.579
Psychiatric abnormalities	9 (52.9%)	2 (66.7%)
Seizures	8 (47.1%)	1 (33.3%)
Psychiatric abnormalities	17 (100.0%)	3 (100.0%)		-
Seizures	12 (70.6%)	2 (66.7%)		0.681
Movement dysfunction	10 (58.8%)	2 (66.7%)		0.656
Loss of consciousness	8 (47.1%)	3 (100.0%)		0.218
Autonomic dysregulation	10 (58.8%)	1 (33.3%)		0.566
Speech disturbance	6 (35.3%)	2 (66.7%)		0.537
Central hypoventilation	5 (29.4%)	3 (100.0%)		0.049
Memory deficits	2 (11.8%)	0 (0.0%)		0.716
Number of symptoms^# [4]			-1.627	0.121
ICU admission [4]	8 (47.1%)	3 (100.0%)		0.218
mRS at onset [4]			-3.490	0.003
Diameter of the ovarian teratoma (mm)			-0.025	0.980
Pathological type				0.284
Mature ovarian teratoma	16 (94.1%)	2 (66.7%)
Immature ovarian teratoma	1 (5.9%)	1 (33.3%)
Time until surgery initiation (d)			-0.969	0.353

^§A decrease in was defined as having clinical improvement after surgery. ^€No change in mRS or for 1 month after surgery was defined as having no clinical improvement. ^#The eight symptom categories are as follows: psychiatric abnormalities, seizures, movement dysfunction, loss of consciousness, autonomic dysregulation, speech disturbance, central hypoventilation, and memory deficits. Fisher’s exact test. mRS: modified Rankin Scale; ICU: intensive care unit.