Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a frequent condition that in the recent years has shown a constant increase in terms of both prevalence and incidence all over the world. End-stage renal disease is the final result of every renal pathologic process independently of the underlying cause of the disease. Nevertheless, different processes, frequently disease-specific, may be responsible for renal damage.

Biomarkers could have a significant role in the evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of renal diseases. In this context, ongoing basic, clinical and translational studies aim at identifying novel biomarkers that can be used to monitor and predict CKD progression.

The aim of this special issue is to focus on recent scientific novelties about the significance and the use of biomarkers in CKD. In particular, the presence of new histological, circulating or urinary biomarkers related to CKD progression and their role in specific diseases, such as diabetic and hypertensive nephropathy, acute kidney injury (AKI), and renal transplantation, will be explored.

A part of this special issue will be also dedicated to the relation between ageing and renal disease and to the kidney cancer diagnosis and treatment.

We invite researchers to submit high quality manuscripts to this special issue. Manuscripts can be original research articles reporting results from basic, clinical, and translational studies, as well as expert review articles which describe the current state of the art related to the area of biomarkers in CKD.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Novel histological, molecular, circulating and/or urinary biomarkers of CKD progression and severity
• Novel biomarkers of the progression from AKI to CKD
• Novel biomarkers of CKD and AKI severity
• Novel biomarkers of graft disease progression related to chronic allograft rejection following renal transplantation.
• Novel biomarkers in kidney cancer diagnosis and treatment.
• Novel biomarkers in the relationship between ageing and renal diseases.
• Novel bioinformatic/computational biology methods aimed at finding new biomarkers in CKD