According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the term Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) comprises a diverse group of communicable diseases that prevail in tropical and subtropical conditions in 149 countries. It is estimated that these NTDs affect more than one billion people worldwide and cost developing economies billions of dollars every year.

NTDs (e.g., Buruli ulcer, Chagas disease, Human African trypanosomiasis) are caused by pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans, worms, nematodes, or trematodes. These diseases can be transmitted by vector bites, direct contact with infected tissues, passive ingestion of larvae or eggs (foodborne diseases), or active larvae penetration in human skin.

Despite global efforts employed over the past decades, the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies currently used for NTDs are outdated. The development of new strategies that are able to be readily translated to clinical use is an essential step towards a real change in the situation of millions of people affected by NTDs.

This special issue aims to provide an overview of the efforts in both innovation and development of better diagnosis and laboratorial/clinical management strategies, directed by biomarker identification, for people affected by NTDs. We invite original research and review articles that seek to address the identification of biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of efficacy of treatments in NTDs.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Diagnostic markers in NTDs
• Prognostic markers in NTDs
• Biomarkers of therapeutic responses in NTDs
• Development of novel devices for biomarker detection in NTDs
• In vitro models for biomarker discovery in NTDs
• Novel in silico methods aimed at finding new biomarkers in NTDs
• Omics approaches to biomarkers discovery in NTD