RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/AKT Signaling in Malignant Melanoma Progression and Therapy
Figure 1
Signal transduction in melanoma development and progression. Extracellular signaling (ligand) triggers intracellular signaling through receptors such as tyrosine kinases (RTK). Triggered signals are transduced via verious factors, including tyrosine kinases, phosphatases, inhibitors, cofactors, and transcription factors and affect melanoma development and progression. Abbreviations: AKT thymoma viral proto-oncogene; MDM2 transformed mouse 3T3 cell double minute 2; mTOR mechanistic target of rapamycin; PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, PIP3, Phosphatidylinositol (3, 4, 5)-trisphosphate; PTEN phosphatase and tensin homolog.
