Depressive Symptom Clusters and Neuropsychological Performance in Mild Alzheimer's and Cognitively Normal Elderly

Table 1

Descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) for participants.

Alzheimer’s disease	All (𝑁=272)	Male (𝑁=100)	Female (𝑁=172)
Age	77.06 (8.413)	75.70 (8.012)	77.68 (8.359)
Education	14.44 (4.758)	15.11 (3.158)	13.98 (5.802)
Dysphoria	1.78 (2.199)	1.87 (2.292)	1.76 (2.182)
Meaninglessness	.75 (1.203)	.66 (1.194)	.80 (1.173)
Apathy	1.38 (1.310)	1.49 (1.339)	1.39 (1.315)
Cognitive impairment	2.00 (1.507)	2.17 (1.569)	2.01 (1.438)
Verbal fluency	6.78 (3.109)	6.84 (3.214)	6.76 (2.954)
Boston Naming	6.19 (3.487)	5.69 (3.311)	6.59 (3.482)
Trails A	5.78 (3.027)	6.22 (2.554)	5.57 (3.243)
Trails B	5.01 (3.061)	5.77 (3.110)	4.56 (2.955)
Digit Span	8.34 (2.568)	8.85 (2.358)	8.20 (4.56)
Logical Memory I	4.11 (2.570)	4.78 (2.744)	3.85 (2.416)
Logical Memory II	4.17 (2.072)	4.72 (2.450)	3.90 (1.812)
Visual Reproduction I	4.36 (2.450)	5.29 (2.420)	4.13 (2.321)
Visual Reproduction II	5.60 (1.857)	6.12 (2.340)	5.32 (1.526)
Controls	All (𝑁=356)	Male (𝑁=114)	Female (𝑁=242)
Age	71.53 (8.566)	73.40 (8.266)	70.46 (8.559)
Education	15.64 (4.100)	16.45 (2.791)	15.17 (4.623)
Dysphoria	.74 (1.431)	.82 (1.361)	.78 (1.464)
Meaninglessness	.37 (.884)	.35 (.838)	.37 (.906)
Apathy	.96 (1.180)	.78 (1.006)	1.05 (1.245)
Cognitive impairment	1.00 (1.162)	.93 (1.119)	1.03 (1.182)
Verbal fluency	11.40 (3.005)	11.27 (3.235)	11.46 (2.095)
Boston Naming	12.11 (2.988)	13.13 (2.928)	11.63 (2.900)
Trails A	10.55 (2.636)	10.68 (2.918)	10.50 (2.500)
Trails B	11.01 (2.484)	10.90 (2.370)	11.06 (2.538)
Digit Span	11.31 (2.638)	11.64 (3.056)	11.16 (2.418)
Logical Memory I	13.01 (3.026)	12.53 (3.171)	13.23 (2.936)
Logical Memory II	13.65 (2.693)	12.96 (2.845)	13.98 (2.559)
Visual Reproduction I	12.20 (3.012)	12.25 (3.222)	12.17 (2.920)
Visual Reproduction II	13.47 (3.202)	13.57 (3.013)	13.43 (3.289)