Improvement in Fatigue, Sleepiness, and Health-Related Quality of Life with Bright Light Treatment in Persons with Seasonal Affective Disorder and Subsyndromal SAD
Table 3
Results for the three clusters on independent measures at baseline, that is, other measures than those used in the formation of clusters at baseline ().
Measure
Winter fatigue
Mildly depr-Not Sleepy
Mildly depr-Sleepy
Depressed-Sleepy
Between-groups ANOVA
Mean
(SD)
Mean
(SD)
Mean
(SD)
(2,48)
P value
SF-361
Physical health (PCS)
48.8
(4.2)
51.3
(6.3)
40.5
(6.9)
15.2
<.001
Physical functioning (PF)
85.6
(11.8)
87.8
(10.4)
71.8
(15.9)
8.1
≤.001
Role—physical (RP)
72.2
(19.5)
73.9
(27.7)
23.5
(24.2)
21.8
<.001
Bodily pain (BP)
56.7
(29.6)
67.1
(21.3)
42.2
(26.9)
4.9
≤.01
General health (GH)
59.0
(20.4)
76.0
(17.2)
47.6
(21.7)
10.6
<.001
Mental health (MCS)
33.1
(11.9)
35.3
(9.2)
24.7
(8.8)
6.1
=.004
Vitality (VT)
33.3
(17.7)
34.3
(15.5)
19.1
(16.5)
4.7
≤.01
Social functioning (SF)
70.8
(27.9)
67.9
(18.8)
45.6
(24.9)
5.8
=.006
Role—emotional (RE)
48.1
(44.4)
57.9
(40.5)
17.6
(26.7)
5.9
=.005
Mental health (MH)
56.0
(17.8)
63.1
(12.2)
44.0
(18.5)
7.3
=.002
VAS2
Mood (very sad-very happy)
53.3
(16.8)
50.1
(11.2)
43.3
(11.3)
2.4
n.s
Sleepiness (very sleepy-very alert)
45.2
(16.5)
37.6
(12.4)
27.7
(13.8)
5.4
=.008
SPAQ3
Global seasonal score (GS score)
12.5
(2.9)
11.8
(2.2)
15.5
(2.9)
10.1
<.001
1The SF-36, high values correspond to feeling better. 2Two bivariate 0–100 visual analogue scales. High values correspond to feeling better. 3GS score from the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). High values correspond to more seasonal symptoms.
