Research Article
The Relationship between Individual Personality Traits (Internality-Externality) and Psychological Distress in Employees in Japan
Table 1
Sociodemographics of the sample and the differences between the males and females.
| | All participants | Males | Females | | | (%) | | (%) | | (%) |
| | Total | 1533 | (100) | 632 | (100) | 901 | (100) | | Age* | | | | | | | | ≤29 | 337 | (22.0) | 116 | (18.4) | 221 | (24.5) | | 30–39 | 415 | (27.1) | 154 | (24.4) | 261 | (29.0) | | 40–49 | 402 | (26.2) | 153 | (24.2) | 249 | (27.6) | | ≥50 | 379 | (24.7) | 209 | (33.1) | 170 | (18.9) |
| | Education* | | | | | | | | Compulsory/senior high school | 708 | (46.2) | 431 | (68.2) | 277 | (30.7) | | Some tertiary education | 706 | (46.1) | 127 | (20.1) | 579 | (64.3) | | Graduate degree or higher | 99 | (6.5) | 63 | (10.0) | 36 | (4.0) | | Unknown | 20 | (1.3) | 11 | (1.7) | 9 | (1.0) |
| | Employment status† | | | | | | | | Full-time work | 1361 | (88.8) | 569 | (90.0) | 792 | (87.9) | | Part-time work | 160 | (10.4) | 59 | (9.3) | 101 | (11.2) | | Unknown | 12 | (0.8) | 4 | (0.6) | 8 | (0.9) |
| | Employee type* | | | | | | | | Managerial class | 165 | (10.8) | 112 | (17.7) | 53 | (5.9) | | Nonmanagerial class | 1346 | (87.8) | 517 | (81.8) | 829 | (92.0) | | Unknown | 22 | (1.4) | 3 | (0.5) | 19 | (2.1) |
| | Job category* | | | | | | | | Clerical/administrative | 209 | (13.6) | 111 | (17.6) | 98 | (10.9) | | Sales/service | 172 | (11.2) | 101 | (16.0) | 71 | (7.9) | | Professional/technical | 784 | (51.1) | 216 | (34.2) | 568 | (63.0) | | Others (on-site workers, etc.) | 318 | (20.7) | 179 | (28.3) | 139 | (15.4) | | Unknown | 50 | (3.3) | 25 | (4.0) | 25 | (2.8) |
| | Working hours per day* | | | | | | | | 8 hours or less | 829 | (54.1) | 260 | (41.1) | 569 | (63.2) | | More than 8 hours | 693 | (45.2) | 369 | (58.4) | 324 | (36.0) | | Unknown | 11 | (0.7) | 3 | (0.5) | 8 | (0.9) |
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Significances representing the differences between males and females (Pearson’s statistic).
*
, †not significant.
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