Effects of Temperament and Character Profiles on State and Trait Depression and Anxiety: A Prospective Study of a Japanese Youth Population

Table 1

Correlations between variables used in the path analysis (𝑁=184).

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13
(1) Gender (male—1; female—2)	—
(2) Age	−0.09	—
(3) NS	−0.08	0.03	—
(4) HA	0.06	−0.02	−0.19*	—
(5) RD	0.38**	0.07	0.14	0.08	—
(6) P	0.09	0.00	−0.19*	−0.05	0.15*	—
(7) SD	−0.02	−0.06	−0.25**	−0.36**	0.02	0.09	—
(8) C	0.36**	0.07	0.01	0.07	0.57**	0.13	0.24**	—
(9) ST	0.09	−0.07	0.20**	−0.23**	0.09	0.15*	−0.14	0.13	—
(10) T1 HADS-D	0.07	0.03	0.10	0.35**	−0.08	−0.05	−0.54**	−0.18*	0.13	—
(11) T1 HADS-A	−0.07	0.01	−0.01	0.24**	−0.30**	−0.15*	−0.43**	−0.40**	0.01	0.53**	—
(12) T2 HADS-D	0.02	0.05	0.11	0.24**	−0.11	0.06	−0.43**	−0.16*	0.15*	0.56**	0.34**	—
(13) T2 HADS-A	−0.10	−0.01	0.10	0.28**	−0.28**	−0.11	−0.43**	−0.32**	0.03	0.48**	0.56**	0.61**	—
Mean	1.67	18.3	26.3	34.9	31.6	16.6	39.0	50.5	17.1	5.4	4.3	5.5	4.6
Standard deviation	0.47	0.9	6.5	7.4	6.0	3.7	8.1	7.8	6.4	3.6	2.8	3.7	3.2
Cronbach alpha	—	—	0.72	0.78	0.72	0.62	0.78	0.82	0.80	0.78	0.61	0.76	0.69

NS: novelty seeking; HA: harm avoidance; RD: reward dependence; P: persistence; SD: self-directedness; C: cooperativeness; ST: self-transcendence. *𝑃<0.05; **𝑃<0.0.