Temperament, Character, and Adolescents' Depressive Symptoms: Focusing on Affect

Table 3

Mean (±SD) scores for temperament, character, and locus of control among affective profiles.

	Self-fulfilling	High affective	Low affective	Self-destructive
	(high PA and low NA)	(high PA and high NA)	(low PA and low NA)	(low PA and high NA)
Novelty seeking	56.06 ± 1.45	56.34 ± 1.58	55.37 ± 1.51	54.31 ± 1.53
Harm avoidance	33.22 ± 1.79	42.92 ± 1.35^▲	45.19 ± 1.80^▲	54.97 ± 1.93^▲
Reward dependence	53.31 ± 1.48	56.58 ± 1.61^▲	52.17 ± 1.55	57.06 ± 1.72^▲
Persistence	59.38 ± 2.52^*	53.31 ± 2.72	43.50 ± 2.47	44.11 ± 2.41
Self-directedness	65.62 ± 1.45^*	58.02 ± 1.27	60.43 ± 1.73	48.30 ± 1.57
Cooperativeness	69.37 ± 1.39^*	67.13 ± 1.54	65.95 ± 1.59	63.05 ± 1.68
Self-transcendence	39.42 ± 1.87	48.61 ± 1.78^●	34.77 ± 1.61	41.76 ± 1.73
External locus of control	7.11 ± 2.15	9.21 ± 2.33	7.25 ± 2.56	14.49 ± 2.32^▲
Internal locus of control	12.71 ± 2.37	12.65 ± 2.88	12.41 ± 2.59	12.02 ± 2.46

𝑁=304, ^*higher than the other three groups, ^▲higher than self-fulfilling, ^●higher than low affective.