Research Article

Short-Term Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Subjective and Actigraphy-Assessed Sleep Parameters in Severely Depressed Inpatients

Table 2

Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on subjective parameters in 12 patients with a depressive episode.

ECT on present dayECT not on present dayTest value

Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)212.46 (SE 1.45)342.16 (SE 1.42)(1, 42.2) = 0.220.64
Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS)213.12 (SE 0.39)342.89 (SE 0.37)(1, 42.4) = 1.020.32
VAS scores
 (i) Depressed mood214.63 (SE 1.19)345.54 (SE 1.18)(1, 42.2) = 3.790.06
 (ii) Interest in activities213.92 (SE 0.83)344.66 (SE 0.80)(1, 42.3) = 3.060.09
 (iii) Pain213.93 (SE 0.97)342.96 (SE 0.94)(1, 42.2) = 3.780.06
 (iv) Daytime sleepiness212.33 (SE 1.01)342.26 (SE 0.98)(1, 42.3) = 0.020.88
 (v) Fatigue214.53 (SE 0.80)344.70 (SE 0.75)(1, 42.6) = 0.090.76

ECT on previous dayECT not on previous dayTest value

Time in bed (hours)199.42 (SE 0.37)349.23 (SE 0.38)(1, 40.8) = 0.530.47
Sleep onset latency (min)1946.8 (SE 19.3)3442.3 (SE 18.2)(1, 41.7) = 0.070.79
Sleep duration (hours) according to the following
 (i) Sleep diary196.93 (SE 0.85)347.15 (SE 0.83)(1, 40.4) = 0.300.58
 (ii) Estimated sleep duration196.52 (SE 0.71)346.69 (SE 0.69)(1, 40.9) = 0.120.73
Sleep efficiency (%)1975.0 (SE 7.19)3478.0 (SE 7.07)(1, 40.3) = 0.760.38
Number of awakenings191.34 (SE 0.49)341.22 (SE 0.46)(1, 41.5) = 0.090.77
VAS scores
 (i) Night-time stress and rumination193.79 (SE 1.08)353.82 (SE 1.05)(1, 41.2) = 0.010.94
 (ii) Sleep quality195.26 (SE 0.74)355.79 (SE 0.71)(1, 41.5) = 1.280.27

ECT denoted electroconvulsive therapy.
Data are adjusted mean and standard errors (SE) between brackets.
Mean and values are analysed by mixed models and were adjusted for age and sex.
indicates the number of time points (i.e., days) of the measurements.