Short-Term Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Subjective and Actigraphy-Assessed Sleep Parameters in Severely Depressed Inpatients
Table 2
Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on subjective parameters in 12 patients with a depressive episode.
ECT on present day
ECT not on present day
Test
value
Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)
21
2.46 (SE 1.45)
34
2.16 (SE 1.42)
(1, 42.2) = 0.22
0.64
Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS)
21
3.12 (SE 0.39)
34
2.89 (SE 0.37)
(1, 42.4) = 1.02
0.32
VAS scores
(i) Depressed mood
21
4.63 (SE 1.19)
34
5.54 (SE 1.18)
(1, 42.2) = 3.79
0.06
(ii) Interest in activities
21
3.92 (SE 0.83)
34
4.66 (SE 0.80)
(1, 42.3) = 3.06
0.09
(iii) Pain
21
3.93 (SE 0.97)
34
2.96 (SE 0.94)
(1, 42.2) = 3.78
0.06
(iv) Daytime sleepiness
21
2.33 (SE 1.01)
34
2.26 (SE 0.98)
(1, 42.3) = 0.02
0.88
(v) Fatigue
21
4.53 (SE 0.80)
34
4.70 (SE 0.75)
(1, 42.6) = 0.09
0.76
ECT on previous day
ECT not on previous day
Test
value
Time in bed (hours)
19
9.42 (SE 0.37)
34
9.23 (SE 0.38)
(1, 40.8) = 0.53
0.47
Sleep onset latency (min)
19
46.8 (SE 19.3)
34
42.3 (SE 18.2)
(1, 41.7) = 0.07
0.79
Sleep duration (hours) according to the following
(i) Sleep diary
19
6.93 (SE 0.85)
34
7.15 (SE 0.83)
(1, 40.4) = 0.30
0.58
(ii) Estimated sleep duration
19
6.52 (SE 0.71)
34
6.69 (SE 0.69)
(1, 40.9) = 0.12
0.73
Sleep efficiency (%)
19
75.0 (SE 7.19)
34
78.0 (SE 7.07)
(1, 40.3) = 0.76
0.38
Number of awakenings
19
1.34 (SE 0.49)
34
1.22 (SE 0.46)
(1, 41.5) = 0.09
0.77
VAS scores
(i) Night-time stress and rumination
19
3.79 (SE 1.08)
35
3.82 (SE 1.05)
(1, 41.2) = 0.01
0.94
(ii) Sleep quality
19
5.26 (SE 0.74)
35
5.79 (SE 0.71)
(1, 41.5) = 1.28
0.27
ECT denoted electroconvulsive therapy. Data are adjusted mean and standard errors (SE) between brackets. Mean and values are analysed by mixed models and were adjusted for age and sex. indicates the number of time points (i.e., days) of the measurements.