Epidemiology of Alcohol Use in Late Adolescence in Greece and Comorbidity with Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders

Table 3

Comorbidity of frequent alcohol drinking and getting drunk with depression, anxiety disorders and other substances use in 16–18  years-old adolescents in Greece ().

Comorbid Condition	% in adolescents with drink alcohol at least weekly^1	Odds Ratios^2 (95% CI^3)	% in adolescents who have been drunk ≥ 2 times^1	Odds Ratios^2 (95% CI^3)
Any psychiatric disorder	22.8%	1.89 (1.45–2.45)	26.35%	2.10 (1.53–2.88)
Depressive episode	7.5%	2.10 (1.51–2.91)	10.65%	2.99 (2.05–4.38)
GAD^4	13.48%	1.73 (1.30–2.28)	15.46%	1.87 (1.35–2.59)
Panic disorder	2.75%	1.56 (0.84–2.90)	2.29%	1.13 (0.58–2.21)
Phobias	6.48%	1.59 (1.03–2.46)	8.36%	2.03 (1.21–3.41)
OCD	5.22%	1.63 (1.11–2.38)	6.99%	2.18 (1.41–3.38)
Suicidal ideation^5	4.76%	1.82 (1.23–2.70)	6.76%	2.65 (1.73–4.07)
Current Cigarette Smoking	27.48%	10.67 (7.36–15.47)	41.58%	13.49 (9.32–19.54)
Lifetime Cannabis use	10.27%	5.22 (3.20–8.51)	20.16%	13.94 (9.03–21.53)

¹All percentages are weighted to account for the stratified random sampling; ²Odds ratios are adjusted for age and sex and calculated from logistic regression models with the comorbid condition as the dependent variable and the alcohol related variable as the independent variable (e.g., the odds of any psychiatric disorder was 1.89 times higher for adolescents who drink alcohol weekly compared to participants who do not drink alcohol weekly); ³CI: Confidence Intervals; ⁴GAD: Generalized Anxiety Disorder; ⁵Suicidal ideation defined as having at least thoughts that “life is not worth living” during the past week.