Stigma Resistance and Its Associated Factors among People with Bipolar Disorder at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Table 3

Bivariable and multivariable analyses of stigma resistance among people with bipolar disorder attending the outpatient department at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016 ().

Variables		Stigma resistance		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
		Good	Poor
Employment status	Employed^a	101	163	1.00
	Unemployed	79	75	1.69 (1.14-2.54)	1.65 (1.35-3.87)
Marital status	Single	97	126	1.61 (0.90-2.89)	1.45 (0.88-2.39)
	Divorced/widowed	62	68	1.91 (1.02-3.56)	0.57 (0.29-1.08)
	Married^a	21	44	1.00	1.00
Educational status	Unable to read and write	34	28	1.90 (1.102-3.56)	1.54 (0.76-3.12)
	Primary	42	61	1.02 (0.63-1.86)	1.02 (0.57-1.84)
	Secondary	60	80	1.18 (0.71-1.95)	1.09 (0.63-1.88)
	College and above^a	44	69	1.00	1.00
Current episode	Manic^a	141	169	1.00	1.00
	Depressive	39	69	0.68 (0.43-1.06)	1.24 (0.74-2.06)
Number of episodes	<2 years^a	64	103	1.00	1.00
	≥2 years	116	135	0.72 (0.48-1.08)	0.74 (0.47-1.17)
Internalized stigma	Yes	112	202	2.94 (0.18-0.48)	3.04 (1.83-5.05)
	No^a	68	36	1.00	1.00
Self-esteem	Low	63	117	1.29 (0.85-1.96)	2.13 (1.72-6.76)
	High^a	70	168	1.00	1.00
Social support level	Poor	82	94	1.77 (1.05-2.98)	1.40 (0.02-3.20)
	Moderate	67	81	1.68 (0.98-2.88)	1.75 (0.98-3.09)
	Strong^a	31	63	1.00	1.00

^aReference variable. OR: crude odds ratio; AOR: adjusted odds ratio.