Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Associated Factors among Khat Chewers in Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia

Table 4

Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression of stress and associated factors among khat chewers in Amhara region, 2019.

Variables	Stress		COR ()	AOR ()
	Yes	No
Age
18-24	11	77	2.55 (0.69–9.41)	1.19 (0.20-6.89)
25–30	42	181	1.56 (0.47–5.15)	0.95 (0.19-4.68)
31–35	20	62	1.17 (0.34–4.16)	0.72 (0.14-3.69)
6–40	9	43	0.44 (0.26–0.74)	1.64 (0.30–8.74)
41–45	4	14	1.73 (0.45–6.27)	1.48 (0.22–9.96)
>45	4	11	1.00	1.00
Residence
Rural	9	21	1.00	1.00
Small town	25	100	1.52 (0.61-3.84)	0.73 (0.22-2.43)
Urban	56	268	1.82 (0.77-4.31)	0.98 (0.31-3.07)
Educational status
Unable to read & write	3	12	0.99 (0.26–3.74)	0.90 (0.18-4.49)
Can read & write	6	31	1.28 (0.49–3.35)	1.23 (0.41-3.69)
Primary	13	93	0.77 (0.87–3.59)	1.55 (0.67-3.57)
Secondary	38	131	0.86 (0.49-1.46)	0.68 (0.35-1.31)
College and university	30	121	1.00	1.00
Occupation
Government	17	38	1.00	1.00
Private sector	19	93	2.19 (1.03–4.66)	3.17 (1.29-7.82)
Self-employed	35	143	1.83 (0.93–5.36)	2.48 (1.07-5.72)
Industries	0	6	1.32 (0.19-3.42)	1.96 (0.42-6.02)
Day laborer	2	13	2.91 (0.59-14.3)	2.64 (0.42-14.52)
Jobless	17	95	2.47 (1.15–5.35)	2.81 (1.08-7.32)
Khat dependency status
Yes	33	174	1.41 (0.88–2.25)	1.70 (0.98-2.95)
No	57	214	1.00	1.00
Family history of khat chewing
Yes	22	136	1.67 (1.02–2.82)	4.10 (1.43–11.77)
No	68	252	1.00	1.00
Duration of khat chewing in years
1-5	28	142	1.00	1.00
6-10	35	147	3.62 (1.07-12.23)	0.99 (0.51-1.90)
11-15	18	62	3.00 (0.89-10.01)	0.87 (0.38-2.01)
16-20	4	30	2.46 (0.69-8.69)	1.14 (0.29-4.40)
>20	5	7	5.36 (1.15-25.26)	0.22 (0.45-1.09)
Average duration of minutes for chewing khat
15-90	24	65	1.00	1.00
91-180	10	88	4.03 (1.77-9.21)	5.91 (2.27-15.37)
>180	56	235	1.92 (1.07-3.45)	2.17 (1.10-4.27)
Amount of khat in grams
25-50	25	181	1.00	1.00
51-100	47	160	0.47 (0.28-0.79)	0.49 (0.26-0.92)
>100	18	47	0.36 (0.18-0.72)	0.32 (0.14-0.73)
Number of days spent per week
Daily	51	224	2.33 (1.01-5.51)	4.28 (1.49-12.37)
4-6 days	12	56	2.47 (0.89-6.68)	4.78 (1.38-16.54)
2-3 days	18	91	2.68 (1.03-6.94)	4.69 (1.47-15.00)
Once	9	17	1.00	1.00

N.B. , , and ; COR = crude odds ratio; AOR = adjusted odds ratio.