Research Article
Factors Associated with Postnatal Depression among Mothers Attending at Bharatpur Hospital, Chitwan
Table 1
Association between sociodemographic, family-related and obstetrics-related characteristics, and postnatal depression (
).
| | Characteristics | Total
(%) | Postnatal depression | value | Absent (201, 83.1%)
(%) | Present (41, 16.9%)
(%) |
| | Socio-demographic characteristics | | | | | | Current age | | | | 0.024 | | <25 years | 150 (62.0) | 131 (87.3) | 19 (12.7) | | | ≥25 years | 92(38.0) | 70 (76.1) | 22 (23.9) | | | ; | | | | Ethnicity | | | | 0.524 | | Privileged | 84 (34.7) | 68 (81.0) | 16 (19.0) | | | Underprivileged | 158 (65.3) | 133 (84.2) | 25 (15.8) | | | Educational status | | | | 0.790 | | ≤Secondary education | 149 (61.6) | 123 (82.6) | 26 (17.4) | | | >Secondary education | 93 (38.4) | 78 (83.9) | 15 (16.1) | | | Occupation | | | | 0.402 | | Housewife | 189 (78.1) | 159 (84.1) | 30 (15.9) | | | Working outside house | 53 (21.9) | 42 (79.2) | 11 (20.8) | | | Smoking | | | | 0.023a | | No | 231 (95.5) | 195 (84.4) | 36 (15.6) | | | Yes | 11 (4.5) | 6 (54.5) | 5 (45.5) | | | Family-related characteristics | | | | | | Family type | | | | 0.132 | | Nuclear | 55 (22.7) | 42 (76.4) | 13 (23.6) | | | Joint/extended | 187 (77.3) | 159 (85.0) | 28 (15.0) | | | Economic status | | | | 0.410 | | Rich | 104 (43.0) | 84 (80.8) | 20 (19.2) | | | Middle class/poor | 138 (57.0) | 117 (84.8) | 21 (15.2) | | | Family support | | | | 0.126a | | Yes | 230 (95.0) | 8 (66.7) | 4 (33.3) | | | No | 12 (5.0) | 193 (83.9) | 37 (16.1) | | | Pressure to conceive a child | | | | 0.016 | | No | 215 (88.8) | 183 (85.1) | 32 (14.9) | | | Yes | 27 (11.2) | 18 (66.7) | 9 (33.3) | | | Obstetrics-related characteristics | | | | | | ANC service utilization | | | | 0.425 | | 0 or <4 visits | 32 (13.2) | 25 (78.1) | 7 (21.9) | | | ≥4 visits | 210 (86.8) | 176 (83.8) | 34 (16.2) | | | Intent of pregnancy | | | | 0.016 | | Intended | 188 (77.7) | 162 (86.2) | 26 (13.8) | | | Unintended | 54 (22.3) | 39(72.2) | 15 (27.8) | | | Pregnancy-related complications | | | | 0.051 | | No | 202 (83.5) | 172 (85.1) | 30 (14.9) | | | Yes | 40 (16.5) | 29 (72.5) | 11 (27.5) | | | Parity | | | | 0.837 | | Prim parity | 151 (62.4) | 126 (83.4) | 25 (16.6) | | | Multiparty | 91 (37.6) | 75 (82.4) | 16 (17.6) | | | Delivery-related complications | | | | 0.022 | | No | 145 (59.9) | 127 (87.6) | 18 (12.4) | | | Yes | 97 (40.1) | 74 (76.3) | 23 (23.7) | | | Mode of feeding | | | | 0.450 | | Exclusive feeding | 111 (45.9) | 90 (81.1) | 21 (18.9) | | | Mixed/formula | 131 (54.1) | 111 (84.7) | 20 (15.3) | |
|
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a value from Fisher’s exact test; all others are from the chi-square test. value significant at <0.05. |
