Technical Refinements in Single-Port Laparoscopic Surgery of Inguinal Hernia in Infants and Children

Table 1

Reported single-port technique with extracorporeal knotting.

Studies (1st author)	Technique	Port size (mm)	Number of associated stabbing incisions	Complete ring	Subcutaneous tissue inclusion	Tensionless knot tying	Protection of vas and vessels
Harrison et al. 2005 [7]	SEAL	2.7	2 (unilateral)	−, small gap	+	−	+, jump over them
			4 (bilateral)
Ozgediz et al. 2007 [8]	SEAL	2.7	2 (unilateral)	−, small gap	+	−	+, jump over them
			4 (bilateral)
Patkowski et al. 2006 [9]	PIRS	2.5 or 5	1 (unilateral)	−, small gap	+	−	+, jump over them
			2 (bilateral)
Bharathi et al. 2008 [5]	Modified SEAL and dual encirclage	5	At least 3 (unilateral)	+	+	+, hydrodissection	+, hydrodissection
			At least 6 (bilateral)
Chang et al. 2008 [10]	Hooked pin method	5	1 (unilateral)	+	+	+, hydrodissection	+, hydrodissection
			2 (bilateral)
Chang et al. 2009 [11]	Hooked injection needle method	5	1 (unilateral)	+	−	+, hydrodissection	+, hydrodissection
			2 (bilateral)

SEAL: subcutaneous endoscopically assisted ligation; PIRS: percutaneous internal ring suturing.