Ganoderma lucidum Protects Dopaminergic Neuron Degeneration through Inhibition of Microglial Activation
Figure 2
LPS and CF increase cytokines through activating microglia. Microglial activation was determined by measuring the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, NO and superoxide in cells after exposure to LPS (0.25 g/ml) and CF (150 g/ml). The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, NO and superoxide in vehicle controls are 106.55 pg/ml, 119.09 pg/ml, 0.6 M and 5.22 U/ml, respectively. Levels were expressed as fold increase as compared to concentrations of the control. All cytokines were increased significantly (*).
