Original Article

The Impact of Group Drumming on Social-Emotional Behavior in Low-Income Children

Table 1

Demographic characteristics of the four classrooms.

TE1 (n = 24)TE2 (n = 22)TE3 (n = 30)TE4 (n = 25)

ConditionDCNDCN
Sex
 Girls11 (45.8%)13 (59.1%)15 (50.0%)15 (60.0%)
 Boys13 (54.2%)9 (40.9%)15 (50.0%)10 (40.0%)
Age, mean (SD)10.58 (0.58)10.46 (0.67)10.43 (0.57)10.48 (0.51)
Race/ethnicity23 Latino21 Latino25 Latino22 Latino
1 European American1 Asian3 African American2 African American
2 Filipino1 European American

TE: teacher; D: drumming; CN: control.