Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides Induce Macrophage-Like Differentiation in Human Leukemia THP-1 Cells via Caspase and p53 Activation
Figure 2
Potential of F3-induced leukemia cells to differentiate into macrophages. (a) Effect of F3 on cell adherence is shown under phase-contrast microscope. THP-1 cells were incubated with/without 30 g/ml of F3, and macrophage-like cells were shown by Liu's stain. Quantification of cell adherence is shown in the lower panel where the percentage of adhesive THP-1 cells is presented. The data were shown as mean ± SD from three independent experiments. (b) F3 treatment was able to increase NBT reduction significantly. NBT reduction assay showed insoluble and visible blue formazan precipitates in F3-treated THP-1 cells. The blue formazan precipitates in F3-treated THP-1 cells were measured by absorbance at 570 nm. The data were shown as mean ± SD from three independent experiments. Individual Student's t-test was performed between F3-treated leukemia cells and untreated control (**). (c) Summary of cell cycle analysis is shown in this panel where the percentage of leukemia cells in each cell-cycle phase is shown. The data were shown as mean ± SD from three independent experiments.
