Bioactive Pigments from Marine Bacteria: Applications and Physiological Roles

Table 1

Biologically active pigmented compounds isolated from marine bacteria.

Pigment	Activity	Bacterial strains	References
(1) Undecylprodigiosin	Anticancer	Streptomyces rubber	[8]
(2) Cycloprodigiosin	Immunosuppressant; Anticancer; Antimalarial	Pseudoalteromonas denitrificans	[18, 21, 22]
(3) Heptyl prodigiosin	Antiplasmodial	α-Proteobacteria	[23]
(4) Prodigiosin	Antibacterial; Anticancer; Algicidal	Pseudoalteromonas rubra; Hahella chejuensis	[14]; [27]
(5) Astaxanthin (carotene)	Antioxidation	Agrobacterium aurantiacum	[34]
(6) Violacein	Antibiotic; Antiprotozoan; Anticancer	Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea; Pseudoalteromonas tunicata; Pseudoalteromonas sp. 520P1; Collimonas CT	[48, 52, 53]; [43]; [50]; [51]
(7) Methyl saphenate (phenazine derivative)	Antibiotic	Pseudonocardia sp. B6273	[63]
(8) Phenazine derivatives	Cytotoxic	Bacillus sp.	[64]
(9) Pyocyanin and pyorubrin	Antibacterial	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	[58]
(10) Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid	Antibiotic	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	[59]
(11) 5,10-dihydrophencomycin methyl ester	Antibiotic	Streptomycete sp.	[65]
(12) Fridamycin D, Himalomycin A, Himalomycin B	Antibacterial	Streptomycete sp. B6921	[68]
(13) Chinikomycin A and Chinikomycin B, Manumycin A	Anticancer	Streptomycete sp. M045	[71]
(14) Tambjamines (BE-18591, pyrrole and their synthetic analogs)	Antibiotic, Anticancer	Pseudoalteromonas tunicata	[76, 80]
(15) Melanins	Protection from UV irradiation	Vibrio cholerae; Shewanella colwelliana; Alteromonas nigrifaciens; Cellulophaga tyrosinoxydans	[83, 84]; [83, 86]; [85]; [88]
(16) Scytonemin	Protection from UV irradiation; Anti-inflammatory, Antiproliferative	Cyanobacteria	[93]
(17) Tryptanthrin	Antibiotic	Cytophaga/Flexibacteria AM13,1 strain	[95]