Safety Evaluation of Yukmijihwang-tang: Assessment of Acute and Subchronic Toxicity in Rats

Table 3

Serum biochemical parameters of male and female rats on subchronic toxicity study.

	(a) Males				(b) Females
Parameter	Vehicle control	YMJ-500 mg	YMJ-1000 mg	YMJ-2000 mg	Vehicle control	YMJ-500 mg	YMJ-1000 mg	YMJ-2000 mg
Glucose (mg/dL)	120.1±6.9	118.8±4.6	117.2±5.5	110.6±4.4	113.8±10.4	107.2±6.5	117.4±5.3	107.6±10.0
BUN (mg/dL)	13.3±0.8	13.8±0.5	13.8±0.5	13.9±0.7	16.8±0.7	15.7±0.8	16.3±0.8	16.3±0.7
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.51±0.02	0.54±0.01	0.51±0.01	0.53±0.01	0.63±0.02	0.59±0.00	0.60±0.02	0.61±0.03
Total protein (g/dL)	6.85±0.14	6.75±0.09	6.79±0.13	6.80±0.12	7.16±0.17	7.23±0.11	7.10±0.19	7.25±0.16
Albumin (g/dL)	4.25±0.06	4.23±0.04	4.26±0.05	4.27±0.05	4.67±0.10	4.71±0.07	4.59±0.11	4.70±0.09
A/G (ratio)	1.64±0.04	1.69±0.04	1.69±0.05	1.69±0.03	1.90±0.05	1.87±0.04	1.83±0.03	1.85±0.04
TCHO (mg/dL)	66.2±8.2	67.8±4.2	66.6±3.7	64.9±5.8	72.0±4.2	73.7±4.0	71.2±4.6	73.2±5.6
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	53.1±8.0	57.3±9.7	58.6±11.7	49.1±6.9	43.3±5.1	42.5±4.2	37.3±4.3	36.1±3.3
Phospholipid (mg/dL)	104±9	104±6	104±5	100±8	139±7	138±7	137±8	134±10
AST (IU/dL)	107.8±4.1	103.6±6.0	101.6±7.1	103.1±6.1	133.3±7.2	116.3±5.9	106.6±4.1^∗∗	113.7±7.8
ALT (IU/dL)	33.8±1.5	30.4±0.9	32.5±2.5	31.0±0.9	36.3±2.7	31.5±1.3	30.6±3.2	28.6±1.8
TBIL (mg/dL)	0.140±0.005	0.149±0.007	0.132±0.004	0.134±0.003	0.158±0.006	0.147±0.007	0.145±0.005	0.136±0.004^∗
ALP (IU/dL)	196.1±6.8	199.1±15.3	216.9±13.9	222.6±18.0	103.6±4.5	105.4±10.1	124.9±14.6	86.0±5.7
CK (IU/dL)	472±46	449±50	459±75	401±45	553±56	517±40	418±34	552±59
Ca (mg/dL)	10.90±0.15	10.85±0.08	10.80±0.17	10.86±0.13	11.31±0.22	11.13±0.19	11.05±0.25	11.21±0.18
IP (mg/dL)	10.05±0.26	9.27±0.27	9.23±0.31	9.55±0.31	8.02±0.49	8.16±0.37	7.99±0.38	8.25±0.48
Na (mg/dL)	144±0	144±1	146±1	145±1	144±0	145±0	145±1	144±1
K (mg/dL)	8.84±0.42	8.12±0.52	8.00±0.56	9.15±0.61	7.72±0.19	7.03±0.20	7.32±0.13	7.16±0.31
Cl (mg/dL)	101±1	101±0	102±1	102±0	103±1	103±1	103±0	102±1
GGT (mg/dL)	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.25±0.26	0.01±0.01	0.02±0.02

Values are mean ± SEM for 10 rats in each group. ∗: significant differences from the vehicle control (0) group (𝑃<.05). ∗∗: significant differences from the vehicle control (0) group (𝑃<.01). BUN: blood urea nitrogen; A/G: albumin/globulin; TCHO: total cholesterol, AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; TBIL: total bilirubin; CK: creatine kinase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; IP: inorganic phosphorus; GGT: gammaglutamyl transferase.