Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Review Article

Traditional Medicinal Plant Extracts and Natural Products with Activity against Oral Bacteria: Potential Application in the Prevention and Treatment of Oral Diseases

Table 1

Plant extracts and phytochemicals with potential application against oral bacteria.


Extract (solvent)	MIC^a	Reference	Phytochemical (class)	MIC^a	Reference

Propolis (ethanol)	2.0–64.0	[43]	Macrocarpals A,B,C (terpenes)	0.5–1.0	[67]
Mikania laevigata (ethanol)	12.5–100.0	[68]	Bakuchiol (terpene)	1.0–4.0	[57]
Mikania glomerate (ethanol)	12.5–100.0	[68]	Erycristagallin (flavonoid)	1.6–6.3	[48]
Drosera peltata (chloroform)	15.6–31.3	[25]	Beta acid	2.0	[62]
Helichrysum italicum (ethanol)	31.3–62.5	[40]	Xanthorrhizol (terpene)	2.0–4.0	[60]
Coptidis rhizoma (water)	31.0–250.0	[33]	Artocarpin (flavonoid)	3.1–12.5	[46]
Piper cubeba (aqueous ethanol)	90.0–200.0	[38]	Artocarpesin (flavonoid)	3.1–12.5	[46]
			Macelignan (flavonoid)	3.9	[12]
			Catechol (phenolic)	6.5	[10]
			Kuwanon G (flavonoid)	8.0	[11]
			Xanthohumol (flavonoid)	12.5	[63]
			Tetra iso-alpha acid	12.5	[62]
			Berberine (alkaloid)	13.0–20.0	[33]
			Compound 2^b (terpene)	15.6	[59]

			Chlorhexidine ^c	1.0	[49]
			Triclosan ^c	0.1–20.0	[80]

inhibitory concentration (g mL⁻¹); --D-,-diacetoxyglucopyranosyl-ent-kaur-16-ene; MIC values for chlorhexidine and triclosan have been added for comparative purposes.