Scorpion in Combination with Gypsum: Novel Antidiabetic Activities in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice by Up-Regulating Pancreatic PPARγ and PDX-1 Expressions

Table 1

Changes in fasting serum lipid levels in mice after 5 weeks of treatment.

	Triglycerides (mmol l^−1)		Total cholesterol (mmol l^−1)		LDL-C (mmol l^−1)	HDL-C (mmol l^−1)	Total cholesterol/HDL-C
	0 week	5 weeks	0 week	5 weeks	5 weeks	5 weeks	5 weeks
N	1.05 ± 0.09	0.89 ± 0.22	4.14 ± 0.64	3.90 ± 0.57	1.73 ± 0.68	1.28 ± 0.18	3.10 ± 0.61
N + SG	1.03 ± 0.17	1.02 ± 0.27	4.10 ± 0.34	3.82 ± 0.67	1.69 ± 0.53	1.29 ± 0.19	2.97 ± 0.57
D	0.92 ± 0.12*	1.25 ± 0.21**	3.67 ± 0.41	4.72 ± 1.74	1.91 ± 0.48	0.92 ± 0.21**	5.21 ± 1.62**
D + SG	0.99 ± 0.11	0.90 ± 0.21**	3.52 ± 0.14	3.18 ± 0.51*	1.67 ± 0.21	1.03 ± 0.22	3.32 ± 0.88**
D + G	1.09 ± 0.15**	1.38 ± 0.54	3.47 ± 1.12	3.82 ± 0.74	1.91 ± 0.33	1.08 ± 0.27	3.68 ± 1.00*
D + S	1.06 ± 0.07**	1.19 ± 0.23	3.89 ± 0.37	3.89 ± 0.54	2.04 ± 0.34	1.05 ± 0.20	3.79 ± 0.71*
D + M	0.94 ± 0.09	1.54 ± 0.49	3.54 ± 0.98	3.89 ± 0.57	2.31 ± 0.40	1.08 ± 0.21	3.68 ± 0.63*

N: Normal control mice; N + SG: normal mice treated with the aqueous extracts of scorpion (350 mg kg⁻¹ per day) combined with gypsum (350 mg kg⁻¹ per day); D: diabetic control mice; D + SG: diabetic mice treated with scorpion (350 mg kg⁻¹ per day) combined with gypsum (350 mg kg⁻¹ per day); D + G: diabetic mice treated with gypsum (350 mg kg⁻¹ per day); D + S: diabetic mice treated with scorpion (350 mg kg⁻¹ per day); D + M: diabetic mice treated with metformin (250 mg kg⁻¹ per day). Data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 10). *𝑃<.05, **𝑃<.01 “D” versus “N”; *𝑃<.05, **𝑃<.01 “D + SG” versus “D”; *𝑃<.05, **𝑃<.01 “D + G” versus “D”; *𝑃<.05, **𝑃<.01 “D + S” versus “D”; *𝑃<.05 “D + M” versus “D”.