Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang, a Polyphenol-Rich Chinese Medicine Formula, in Rats and Ex-Vivo Antioxidant Activity

Table 2

Pharmacokinetic parameters of various constituents and their sulfates/glucuronides (S/G) and glucuronides (G) after oral administration of SHXXT (5 g kg⁻¹) to nine rats.

Constituents	Metabolites	𝐶max (nmol ml^−1)	AUC0−2880 (nmol min ml^−1)	MRT0−2880 (min)
Baicalein	S/G	5.7 ± 2.8	4733.9 ± 1850.2	920.8 ± 331.9
	G	5.0 ± 2.2	4553.1 ± 2062.2	1081.0 ± 542.2
Wogonin	S/G	1.1 ± 0.4	1045.5 ± 491.1	960.7 ± 296.3
	G	1.3 ± 0.8	1479.8 ± 1142.7	1165.0 ± 403.9
Aloe-emodin	S/G	3.0 ± 1.3	340.4 ± 176.1	104.4 ± 65.7
	G	2.7 ± 1.4	294.6 ± 165.4	207.8 ± 216.0
Rhein	Free form	17.5 ± 4.6	5249.5 ± 3838.8	692.0 ± 293.9
	S/G	27.8 ± 15.2	9348.9 ± 5510.3	632.0 ± 226.6
	G	22.7 ± 9.0	8736.1 ± 5299.0	779.8 ± 616.4
Emodin	S/G	5.0 ± 2.2	1929.4 ± 1012.6	570.9 ± 198.0
	G	4.6 ± 2.0	1221.8 ± 379.3	503.3 ± 388.1
Chrysophanol	S/G	0.7 ± 0.3	169.1 ± 79.6	629.4 ± 502.5
	G	0.6 ± 0.3	221.1 ± 209.5	624.3 ± 604.1