Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Propranolol with Garlic (Allium sativum) in Rats

Table 2

Pharmacokinetic parameters of PRO in presence and absence of GH.

Parameters	PRO	PRO + GH
C max (𝜇g ml^−1)	1.63 ± 0.06	1.97 ± 0.07*
T max (h)	2.00 ± 0.00	2.00 ± 0.00
AUCtotal (𝜇g h^−1 ml^−1)	7.98 ± 0.79	15.77 ± 1.34**
K e (h^−1)	0.3231 ± 0.05	0.167 ± 0.01***
CL (ml kg^−1 h^−1)	5.26 ± 0.68	1.72 ± 0.20***
T 1/2 (h)	2.32 ± 0.50	6.67 ± 0.79***
V d (ml kg^−1)	16.71 ± 1.10	16.15 ± 0.23
K a (h^−1)	1.32 ± 0.22	0.67 ± 0.09*

Values are mean ± SEM, 𝑛=8; PRO means propranolol 10 mg kg⁻¹; GH means Garlic homogenate 250 mg kg⁻¹. In PRO group-single dose of PRO p.o. and in interactive group-30 days of GH treatment p.o. + single dose of PRO p.o.
* P < .05, **𝑃<.01, ***𝑃<.001 when compared to PRO alone.