Animal Models as Tools to Investigate Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Plants

Table 1

Classification of type 2 diabetes models in animals.

Model category	Type 2 diabetic models
	Obese	Nonobese
(I) Spontaneous or genetically derived diabetic animals	ob/ob mouse, db/db mouse	Cohen diabetic rat, GK rat; Torri rat Nonobese C57BL/6; (Akita) mutant mouse, ALS/Lt mouse
	KK mouse, KK/Ay mouse
	NZO mouse
	NONcNZO10 mouse
	TSOD mouse, M16 mouse
	Zucker fatty rat, ZDF rat
	SHR/N-cp rat, JCR/LA-cp rat
	OLETF rat
	Obese rhesus monkey
(II) Diet/nutrition induced diabetic animals	Sand rat; C57/BL 6J mouse, Spiny mouse	—
(III) Chemically induced diabetic animals	GTG-treated obese mice	Low-dose ALX or STZ adult rats, mice, and so forth; Neonatal STZ rat
(IV) Surgical diabetic animals	VMH lesioned dietary obese diabetic rat	Partial pancreatectomized animals, for example, dog, primate, pig, and rat
(V) Transgenic/knock-out diabetic animals	β 3 receptor knockout mouse	Transgenic or knockout mice involving genes of insulin, insulin receptor, and its components of downstream
	Uncoupling protein (UCP1) knock-out mouse	Insulin signaling, for example, IRS-1, IRS-2, GLUT-4, PTP-1B, and others
		PPAR-g tissue-specific knockout mouse
		Glucokinase or GLUT 2 knockout mice
		Human islet amyloid polypeptide (HIP) over expressed rat

KK: Kuo Kondo; KK/A_y: yellow KK obese; VMH: ventromedial hypothalamus; ZDF: Zucker diabetic fatty; NZO: New Zealand obese; TSOD: Tsumara Suzuki obese diabetes; SHR/N-cp: spontaneously hypertensive rat/NIH-corpulent; JCR: James C Russel; OLETF: Otuska Long Evans Tokushima fatty; GTG: gold thioglucose; ALX: alloxan; STZ: streptozotocin; GLUT: glucose transporter; IRS: insulin receptor substrate; GK: Goto-Kakizaki; PPAR: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor; PTP: phosphotyrosine phosphatase; ALS: alloxan sensitive.