Electroacupuncture Pretreatment as a Novel Avenue to Protect Brain against Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury
Figure 3
Intracellular signaling pathway of endocannabinoid system in neuroprotection. This graph shows the endocannabinoid system and the post-receptor signaling pathway involved in its neuroprotective effect. (a) signaling pathway of CB1R in neuroprotection; (b) signaling pathway of CB2R in neuroprotection. AEA: N-arach-idonoyl-ethanolamine-anandamide; 2-AG: 2-arachidonylglycerol; CB1R: cannabinoid receptor type 1; PLC: phospholipase c; IP3: inositol triphosphate; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; DAG: diacylglycerol; FAN: factor associated with neutral sphingomyelinase; AC: adenylatecyclase; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; εPKC: epsilon protein kinase C; PKA: protein kinase A; AKT: protein kinase B.
