Electroacupuncture Pretreatment as a Novel Avenue to Protect Brain against Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury

Table 2

Ongoing clinical trials on EA pretreatment collected from ClinicalTrials.gov.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier	Start date	Patient group	Estimated enrollment	Stimulus	Acupoints	Primary outcome measures	Secondary outcome measures
NCT01020266	Dec. 2009	Heart valve replacement surgery	300	5/30 Hz, 0.8–1.9 mA, 30 min/d, 5 d before surgery	Baihui (GV20)	Cerebrovascular complications, Score of neurological defect	S-100𝛽 and NSE blood level
NCT01020942	Jan. 2010	Elective PCI for coronary stenting	500	2/30 Hz,2–6 mA, 30 min/d, 5 d before surgery	Neiguan (PC 6)	cTnI concentration at 48 hours	Ischemic symptoms, ECG evidence of ischemia, CRP, and MACE at 6 months
NCT01227096	Oct. 2010	Children undergoing repair of CHD	60	After anesthesia induction, prior to surgery	Neiguan (PC 6)	cTnI concentration	Duration of CPB and aortic cross-clamp time, cardiac HFAP and cTnI,8-isoprostane,CRP, cytokines

S-100𝛽: S100 calcium-binding protein 𝛽; NSE: neuron specific enolase; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; cTnI: cardiac troponin I; ECG: electrocardiogram; CRP: C-reactive protein; MACE: major adverse cardiac events; CHD: congenital heart defects; CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass; HFAP: heart-type fatty acid-binding protein.