Inhibition of NO₂, PGE₂, TNF-𝜶, and iNOS EXpression by Shorea robusta L.: An Ethnomedicine Used for Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activity

Table 3

Analgesic activity by acetic-acid-induced writhing and tail flick methods.

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Writhing reflex (Reaction time in sec)	% Inhibition	Tail flick (Reaction time in sec)	% Inhibition
Control		15.00±0.40	0	22.22±0.56	0
Paracetamol	50	3±0.365^∗	80	—	—
Morphine	5	—	—	5.20±0.10^∗	76.59
S. robusta aqueous extract	200	5.5±0.763^∗	63.33	7.68±0.27^∗	65.43
	400	4.33±0.421^∗	71.13	6.6±0.15^∗	70.29
S. robusta methanol extract	200	6±0.516^∗	60.00	8.14±0.51^∗	63.36
	400	5±0.365^∗	66.66	7.46±1.00^∗	66.42

Results are expressed as mean ± SEM (𝑛=6), *P <0.001 compared to control (2% aqueous Tween 80 v/v).