Mitochondria Superoxide Anion Production Contributes to Geranylgeraniol-Induced Death in Leishmania amazonensis
Figure 4
Transmission electron microscopy of Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes after 48 h of treatment with geranylgeraniol. (a) Untreated promastigotes showing normal mitochondria (m), nucleus (n), typical kinetoplast (k), flagellum (f), and flagellar pocket (fp); (b)–(h) promastigote treated with geranylgeraniol at 11 μg/mL. The compound led to cytoplasmic vacuolization (black asterisk), presence of concentric membranes inside mitochondria (arrowhead), abnormal chromatin condensation in nucleus (arrow), and an endoplasmic reticulum profile surrounding cytoplasmic structures (double arrows). Bars = 1 μm.
