Greco-Arab and Islamic Herbal-Derived Anticancer Modalities: From Tradition to Molecular Mechanisms

Table 1

Effects of food and herbal-derived compounds in cancer chemoprevention.

Active principle(s)	Sources	Apoptosis; induction	Anti; angiogenesis	Anti; metastasis effect	Anti; inflammatory/; Antioxidant properties	References
Citral	Aloysia citrodora Palau, Cymbopogon sp. Melissa officinalis L.	+				[43]
Crocetin	Crocus sativus L.	+	+	+	+	[44, 45]
Curcumin	Curcuma longa L.	+	+		+	[46, 47]
Diallyl sulfide	Allium sativum L.	+	+		+	[48, 49]
Fibers, Lignans, isoflavones, and phenolic acids	Triticum aestivum L.	+				[50–52]
Several flavonoids	Ficus carica L.			+	+	[53, 54]
Inulin-type fructans beta(2,1) fructans	Cichorium intybus L.		+	+	+	[55]
Oleuropein	Olea europea L.	+	+	+	+	[39, 40, 56]
Several polyphenols	Punica granatum L.	+	+	+	+	[57, 58]
Quercetin	Allium cepa L.	+	+		+	[59, 60]
Silymarin	Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.	+	+		+	[61–63]
Thymoquinone	Nigella sativa L.	+	+	+	+	[64–66]
Several active compounds	Arum palaestinum L.	+			+	[2, 30, 67]
Several active compounds	Honey			+	+	[68–70]