Effect of Keishibukuryogan on Endothelial Function in Patients with at Least One Component of the Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome: A Controlled Clinical Trial with Crossover Design

Table 4

Effects of KBG on various parameters in group A (𝑛=27).

	Period	Week 0	Week 4	𝑃-value^a	𝑃-value^b
BMI (kg/m^2)	KBG	24.1±0.6	24.2±0.6	0.3362	0.6182
	Control	24.2±0.7	24.2±0.7	0.5916
Waist circumference (cm)	KBG	85.6±1.8	85.8±2.0	0.6699	0.9871
	Control	87.2±1.9	87.3±1.9	0.8962
SBP (mmHg)	KBG	126.3±3.2	125.4±3.2	0.6820	0.9476
	Control	122.6±2.8	121.5±2.8	0.5591
DBP (mmHg)	KBG	76.3±2.5	75.9±2.0	0.3790	0.4292
	Control	71.2±1.8	73.3±1.7	0.3028
L_RHI	KBG	0.58±0.04	0.70±0.05	0.0231*	0.0085**
	Control	0.65±0.05	0.55±0.04	0.1834
TG (mg/dL)	KBG	129.2±14.6	128.1±12.7	0.7791	0.5937
	Control	123.4±11.0	116.6±8.9	0.5277
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	KBG	65.4±3.8	66.0±3.6	0.8341	0.6859
	Control	64.5±2.7	64.5±2.4	0.8432
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	KBG	138.5±5.9	143.1±6.8	0.2268	0.0715
	Control	130.5±5.3	127.3±5.5	0.1422
NEFA (μEq/L)	KBG	527.8±49.1	445.4±33.9	0.0306*	0.0004**
	Control	440.0±30.3	545.9±42.4	0.0028**
FPG (mg/dL)	KBG	103.7±3.3	105.9±4.6	0.3768	0.2550
	Control	108.9±5.0	106.6±5.2	0.7477
IRI (μU/mL)	KBG	6.71±0.58	6.05±0.58	0.0593	0.1223
	Control	6.86±0.78	7.18±0.79	0.5777
HOMA-IR	KBG	1.73±0.17	1.63±0.19	0.2001	0.3213
	Control	1.91±0.26	2.00±0.30	0.4815
Creatinine (mg/dL)	KBG	0.70±0.03	0.70±0.03	0.5742	1.0000
	Control	0.71±0.03	0.71±0.04	0.9734
hs-CRP (mg/dL)	KBG	0.10±0.03	0.10±0.02	0.1962	0.2681
	Control	0.07±0.01	0.11±0.02	0.0423*
MDA (nmol/mL)	KBG	10.2±1.5	8.7±1.4	0.0007**	0.5068
	Control	12.8±2.5	11.9±2.1	0.3444
sVCAM-1 (ng/mL)	KBG	769.5±72.6	708.2±66.3	0.0121*	0.2791
	Control	735.8±51.3	711.6±48.3	0.7389

KBG: keishibukuryogan; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; L_RHI, natural logarithmic scaled reactive hyperemia; TG: triglyceride; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; NEFA: nonesterified fatty acid; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; IRI: immunoreactive insulin; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment as an index of insulin resistance; hs-CRP: high-sensitive C-reactive protein; MDA: malondialdehyde; sVCAM-1: soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.
^aComparison between week 0 and week 4 by Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
^bComparison of 4-week changes between KBG-treatment period and control period by MANOVA test.
Data are expressed as mean ± S.E., ^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01.