Effect of Keishibukuryogan on Endothelial Function in Patients with at Least One Component of the Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome: A Controlled Clinical Trial with Crossover Design

Table 5

Effects of KBG on various parameters in group B (𝑛=22).

	Period	Week 0	Week 4	𝑃-value^a	𝑃-value^b
BMI (kg/m^2)	Control	22.8±0.6	22.7±0.6	0.4477	0.3443
	KBG	22.7±0.6	22.7±0.6	0.7660
Waist circumference (cm)	Control	82.7±1.7	82.8±1.6	0.9129	0.8807
	KBG	84.1±1.5	84.1±1.3	0.8125
SBP (mmHg)	Control	123.8±2.6	122.5±2.3	0.4676	0.0808
	KBG	123.4±3.3	115.5±2.2	0.0037**
DBP (mmHg)	Control	75.7±2.2	75.2±1.6	0.5524	0.7949
	KBG	72.5±1.8	71.5±1.9	0.1567
L_RHI	Control	0.62±0.05	0.66±0.05	0.2870	0.1751
	KBG	0.56±0.05	0.70±0.05	0.0074**
TG (mg/dL)	Control	128.3±14.7	122.2±8.6	0.9750	0.7320
	KBG	118.4±8.4	117.2±7.8	0.9251
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	Control	60.4±3.2	57.7±3.1	0.0718	0.3085
	KBG	57.8±3.2	57.2±3.3	0.4357
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	Control	132.6±8.0	128.2±9.0	0.1619	0.7604
	KBG	125.5±7.7	122.5±6.7	0.5393
NEFA (μEq/L)	Control	590.5±56.6	509.5±39.0	0.1289	0.9939
	KBG	539.1±42.8	457.7±41.0	0.0312*
FPG (mg/dL)	Control	101.4±2.6	98.8±2.5	0.0881	0.6065
	KBG	97.6±2.9	96.1±2.7	0.1706
IRI (μU/mL)	Control	5.51±0.63	5.12±0.59	0.1525	0.2374
	KBG	4.53±0.50	4.76±0.44	0.6260
HOMA-IR	Control	1.42±0.19	1.28±0.17	0.1342	0.2206
	KBG	1.12±0.14	1.15±0.12	0.8140
Creatinine (mg/dL)	Control	0.71±0.03	0.70±0.03	1.0000	0.4789
	KBG	0.74±0.04	0.75±0.04	0.7539
hs-CRP (mg/dL)	Control	0.16±0.07	0.09±0.04	0.4895	0.4382
	KBG	0.17±0.10	0.16±0.07	0.8877
MDA (nmol/mL)	Control	13.1±2.8	12.8±3.3	0.6747	0.0464*
	KBG	13.7±1.7	10.5±1.4	<0.0001**
sVCAM-1 (ng/mL)	Control	710.1±50.7	716.9±56.4	0.4684	0.3898
	KBG	666.1±36.3	640.3±41.4	0.3021

KBG: keishibukuryogan; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; L_RHI: natural logarithmic scaled reactive hyperemia; TG: triglyceride; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; NEFA, nonesterified fatty acid; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; IRI: immunoreactive insulin; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment as an index of insulin resistance; hs-CRP: high-sensitive C-reactive protein; MDA: malondialdehyde; sVCAM-1: soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.
^aComparison between week 0 and week 4 by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test.
^bComparison of 4-week changes between control period and KBG-treatment period by MANOVA test.
Data are expressed as mean ± S.E., ^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01.