Zingiber officinale Improves Cognitive Function of the Middle-Aged Healthy Women

Table 3

Effect of Zingiber officinale on working memory assessing via computerized battery test.

Measurement	Predose baseline score		Post-dose score
			1 month	2 months
(1) Delay word recognition (% accuracy)	Placebo	72.99±8.97	73.88±9.25	75.33±8.94
	400 mg	74.83±8.27	75.83±8.58	80.17±7.45
	800 mg	74.83±13.39	79.00±12.14	84.89±8.03 **
(2) Delay word recognition reaction time (msec.)	Placebo	1242.56±217.14	1247.75±256.32	1245.06±165.89
	400 mg	1226.06±161.82	1221.45±176.35	1120.67±111.2 *
	800 mg	1261.14±176.75	1109.55±171.69	1099.67±185.22 **
(3) Simple reaction time (msec.)	Placebo	619.05±222.35	622.50±175.01	625.15±161.96
	400 mg	616.25±195.39	611.95±185.75	596.30±126.60
	800 mg	623.25±191.43	614.30±175.48	573.95±177.20
(4) Digit vigilance (% accuracy)	Placebo	43.35±6.84	42.90±7.95	42.45±8.744
	400 mg	42.90±5.05	43.45±9.93	43.70±6.52
	800 mg	44.75±5.63	44.65±6.45	48.40±5.40 *
(5) Digit Vigilance reaction time (msec.)	Placebo	631.65±140.92	622.25±109.91	626.60±122.24
	400 mg	620.00±122.74	621.80±105.69	594.70±83.15
	800 mg	623.75±109.55	608.70±130.34	587.40±71.65
(6) Digit vigilance false alar number	Placebo	8.85±2.39	8.7±1.55	8.5±1.35
	400 mg	8.85±2.18	8.25±1.61	8.05±1.43
	800 mg	8.65±2.13	7.35±1.34	7.1±1.44 **
(7) Choice reaction time (% accuracy)	Placebo	79.90±7.40	81.70±6.68	80.55±7.47
	400 mg	80.00±8.86	84.95±9.23	85.40±7.92
	800 mg	79.05±8.53	89.95±8.26 **	90.00±7.82 ***
(8) Choice reaction time response (msec.)	Placebo	976.00±168.70	964.25±100.98	961.30±135.76
	400 mg	964.55±191.10	944.80±128.93	912.10±71.58
	800 mg	980.35±197.24	915.90±72.00	874.65±50.59 *
(9) Numeric working memory (% accuracy)	Placebo	73.90±10.40	75.00±10.43	74.70±10.54
	400 mg	75.50±8.67	77.10±10.95	81.35±9.57 *
	800 mg	76.45±9.69	82.40±9.63 *	85.00±8.72 **
(10) Numeric working memory reaction time (msec.)	Placebo	1334.50±226.25	1348.29±209.25	1335.70±203.13
	400 mg	1339.40±234.61	1343.90±236.38	1325.05±171.35
	800 mg	1335.60±260.95	1337.10±170.24	1313.95±138.71
(11) Picture recognition (% accuracy)	Placebo	72.99±8.97	73.88±9.25	75.33±8.94
	400 mg	74.83±8.27	75.83±8.58	80.17±7.45
	800 mg	74.83±13.39	79.00±12.14	84.89±8.03
(12) Picture recognition reaction time (msec.)	Placebo	1256.88±239.51	1247.75±156.32	1245.06±165.89
	400 mg	1224.88±185.08	1221.45±176.35	1120.67±111.25
	800 mg	1234.61±197.52	1109.55±171.96	1099.67±185.22
(13) Spatial working memory (% accuracy)	Placebo	66.25±6.64	66.13±5.39	66.29±4.59
	400 mg	66.11±5.47	66.95±5.47	70.53±5.34 **
	800 mg	66.33±6.88	68.39±7.08	71.77±4.12 **
(14) Spatial working memory reaction time (msec.)	Placebo	1799.25±33.45	1817.30±203.17	1844.10±232.15
	400 mg	1784.30±191.92	1707.85±296.62	1761.55±165.96
	800 mg	1712.75±219.45	1695.75±200.13	1704.40±309.16

Subjects were measured for power of attention, continuity of attention, speed of memory, and quality of memory by using computerized battery test. Data are presented as mean ± SD (𝑛=20/group).
*, **, ***𝑃 value < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 compared to placebo-treated group, respectively.