Review Article

Alkaloids Isolated from Natural Herbs as the Anticancer Agents

Figure 3

The schematic diagram of the molecular machinery and possible targets for the antineoplastic properties of berberine, evodiamine, matrine, piperine, sanguinarine, and tetrandrine. ATF-2: activated transcription factor 2; Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; CDKs: cyclin-dependent kinases; COX-2: cyclooxygenase 2; CREB: cAMP response element-binding; DR-5: death receptor 5; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase; FAK: focal adhesion kinase; Fas-L: Fas ligand; GADD153: growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible gene 153; GSH: glutathione; GSK3β: glycogen synthase kinase 3β; HIF-1: hypoxia-inducible factor 1; MKP-1: mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1; MMP-2: matrix metalloproteinase 2; MMP-9: matrix metalloproteinase 9; NAT: N-acetyltransferase; NF-κB: nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; NOS: nitric oxide synthase; p38 MAPK: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; PKC: protein kinase C; P-gp: P-glycoprotein; ROS: reactive oxygen species; STAT-3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TopI: topoisomerase I; TopII: topoisomerase II; u-PA: urokinase-type plasminogen-activator.
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