Fifteen Minutes of Chair-Based Yoga Postures or Guided Meditation Performed in the Office Can Elicit a Relaxation Response

Table 3

Phase data.

	P1	P2	P3	P4	P5	P6	P7
Respiration rate
Control	13.87 ± 1.95	15.04 ± 2.57	15.20 ± 2.26	14.73 ± 2.17	14.31 ± 1.88	13.86 ± 1.49	14.25 ± 1.42
Yoga	13.68 ± 2.32	10.43 ± 2.46	10.06 ± 2.43	10.07 ± 2.12	12.92 ± 1.89	14.06 ± 2.56	14.09 ± 1.89
Meditation	14.30 ± 1.79	11.47 ± 2.14	11.97 ± 3.63	12.36 ± 3.44	13.78 ± 2.18	13.84 ± 1.83	14.21 ± 1.68
𝑃 (C versus Y)		0.000*	0.000*	0.000*	0.023*	0.573	0.960
𝑃 (C versus M)		0.000*	0.000*	0.006*	0.106	0.470	0.349
𝑃 (Y versus M)		0.591*	0.169	0.075	0.623	0.118	0.350
Heart Rate
Control	73.98 ± 10.65	72.51 ± 10.20	72.71 ± 9.98	72.97 ± 10.01	71.65 ± 9.83	72.23 ± 9.48	71.71 ± 9.28
Yoga	73.19 ± 9.37	77.47 ± 8.95	77.80 ± 9.09	77.82 ± 7.95	71.51 ± 7.75	70.92 ± 8.50	71.08 ± 7.85
Meditation	73.59 ± 9.66	70.56 ± 10.90	70.75 ± 10.70	71.22 ± 9.30	72.53 ± 9.69	71.06 ± 9.38	71.32 ± 9.64
𝑃 (C versus Y)		0.000*	0.000*	0.000*	0.315	0.570	0.860
𝑃 (C versus M)		0.032*	0.015*	0.098	0.135	0.369	0.999
𝑃 (Y versus M)		0.000*	0.000*	0.000*	0.465	0.744	0.870
SDNN
Control	76.27 ± 37.35	59.01 ± 31.23	59.41 ± 28.41	59.70 ± 26.06	67.32 ± 22.15	65.99 ± 23.96	67.63 ± 26.25
Yoga	68.89 ± 22.02	82.62 ± 25.35	71.59 ± 23.24	72.53 ± 30.59	72.19 ± 23.71	63.98 ± 17.16	69.00 ± 22.98
Meditation	69.49 ± 22.78	70.92 ± 34.50	60.44 ± 31.68	68.45 ± 27.05	76.82 ± 29.79	67.50 ± 25.26	67.99 ± 21.00
𝑃 (C versus Y)		0.000*	0.009*	0.007*	0.093	0.396	0.191
𝑃 (C versus M)		0.019*	0.367	0.104	0.086	0.259	0.179
𝑃 (Y versus M)		0.033*	0.055	0.332	0.354	0.503	0.638
Log-TP (ms^2)
Control	3.66 ± 0.35	3.42 ± 0.46	3.42 ± 0.42	3.40 ± 0.37	3.57 ± 0.38	3.53 ± 0.42	3.54 ± 0.37
Yoga	3.61 ± 0.35	3.78 ± 0.32	3.65 ± 0.35	3.58 ± 0.40	3.60 ± 0.32	3.47 ± 0.33	3.48 ± 0.31
Meditation	3.61 ± 0.38	3.62 ± 0.43	3.44 ± 0.47	3.51 ± 0.35	3.68 ± 0.35	3.55 ± 0.35	3.57 ± 0.34
𝑃 (C versus Y)		0.001*	0.003*	0.026*	0.264	0.977	0.916
𝑃 (C versus M)		0.013*	0.510	0.202	0.070	0.317	0.377
𝑃 (Y versus M)		0.112	0.017	0.369	0.222	0.221	0.313
Log-LF (ms^2)
Control	3.00 ± 0.38	2.85 ± 0.51	2.84 ± 0.50	2.90 ± 0.40	3.02 ± 0.37	2.93 ± 0.44	2.99 ± 0.41
Yoga	3.06 ± 0.40	3.47 ± 0.40	3.22 ± 0.42	3.11 ± 0.55	3.09 ± 0.41	2.91 ± 0.43	2.88 ± 0.33
Meditation	2.99 ± 0.34	3.13 ± 0.57	2.88 ± 0.69	2.96 ± 0.51	3.08 ± 0.40	3.02 ± 0.41	2.95 ± 0.42
𝑃 (C versus Y)		0.001*	0.003*	0.234	0.986	0.270	0.047*
𝑃 (C versus M)		0.048*	0.714	0.594	0.266	0.287	0.751
𝑃 (Y versus M)		0.072	0.040*	0.437	0.365	0.064	0.138
LF (n.u.)
Control	69.79 ± 14.31	66.12 ± 15.44	67.52 ± 15.22	71.39 ± 16.22	68.72 ± 17.48	70.67 ± 15.87	70.44 ± 18.24
Yoga	72.68 ± 12.34	88.85 ± 6.75	80.47 ± 13.76	76.75 ± 21.24	76.40 ± 10.76	71.12 ± 14.36	66.77 ± 12.78
Meditation	70.44 ± 12.83	76.32 ± 19.11	63.53 ± 24.40	70.67 ± 18.96	75.78 ± 13.35	70.28 ± 19.50	66.04 ± 16.65
𝑃 (C versus Y)		0.001*	0.065	0.697	0.301	0.501	0.145
𝑃 (C versus M)		0.098	0.478	0.801	0.157	0.819	0.326
𝑃 (Y versus M)		0.056	0.019*	0.455	0.688	0.781	0.707
Log-HF (ms^2)
Control	2.60 ± 0.47	2.53 ± 0.53	2.48 ± 0.50	2.45 ± 0.48	2.61 ± 0.45	2.50 ± 0.49	2.55 ± 0.50
Yoga	2.62 ± 0.51	2.52 ± 0.44	2.56 ± 0.44	2.50 ± 0.54	2.55 ± 0.48	2.47 ± 0.44	2.56 ± 0.37
Meditation	2.58 ± 0.53	2.51 ± 0.55	2.59 ± 0.56	2.51 ± 0.45	2.53 ± 0.50	2.57 ± 0.52	2.61 ± 0.42
𝑃 (C versus Y)		0.582	0.541	0.789	0.146	0.437	0.749
𝑃 (C versus M)		0.915	0.129	0.374	0.500	0.357	0.365
𝑃 (Y versus M)		0.620	0.527	0.605	0.766	0.128	0.171
HF (n.u.)
Control	30.22 ± 14.31	33.89 ± 15.44	32.49 ± 15.22	28.61 ± 16.22	28.71 ± 15.85	29.34 ± 15.87	29.57 ± 18.24
Yoga	27.32 ± 12.34	11.16 ± 6.75	19.54 ± 13.76	23.26 ± 21.24	23.60 ± 10.76	28.89 ± 14.36	33.24 ± 12.78
Meditation	29.56 ± 12.83	23.68 ± 19.11	36.47 ± 24.40	29.33 ± 18.96	24.22 ± 13.35	29.72 ± 19.50	33.96 ± 16.65
𝑃 (C versus Y)		0.001*	0.065	0.697	0.589	0.501	0.145
𝑃 (C versus M)		0.098	0.478	0.801	0.361	0.819	0.326
𝑃 (Y versus M)		0.056	0.019*	0.455	0.688	0.781	0.707
LF : HF
Control	3.21 ± 2.53	2.55 ± 1.57	3.04 ± 2.44	3.90 ± 2.91	3.27 ± 2.15	3.34 ± 2.06	3.89 ± 3.06
Yoga	3.61 ± 2.63	13.27 ± 12.38	6.00 ± 3.86	8.10 ± 8.80	4.22 ± 2.43	3.38 ± 2.28	2.81 ± 2.81
Meditation	3.12 ± 2.03	7.57 ± 10.89	3.45 ± 3.42	4.21 ± 4.11	4.62 ± 3.35	4.31 ± 3.88	3.26 ± 3.35
𝑃 (C versus Y)		0.003*	0.015*	0.080	0.380	0.529	0.024*
𝑃 (C versus M)		0.075	0.593	0.734	0.089	0.254	0.466
𝑃 (Y versus M)		0.069	0.024*	0.108	0.292	0.107	0.178

Data presented in mean ± standard deviation; Y: yoga; C: control; M: meditation.
*Change from baseline (P1) statistically significant between groups.