Local and Systemic Cardiovascular Effects from Monochromatic Infrared Therapy in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

Table 1

Patient’s basic demographics.

Variables	Groups		P value
	Treatment	Placebo
	𝑛=36	𝑛=35
Gender
Female	33 (92%)	28 (80%)	0.189
Male	3 (8%)	7 (20%)
Age (yr)	61.1 ± 9.3	61.3 ± 12.0	0.931
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	26.4 ± 5.0	26.0 ± 4.5	0.765
Married
Yes	28 (78%)	26 (74%)	0.730
Educational level
Below 9th grade	21 (58%)	19 (53%)	0.650
Above 9th grade	15 (42%)	16 (47%)
Work status
Yes	6 (17%)	4 (12%)	0.735
Comorbidities
Yes	18 (50%)	21 (62%)	0.322
Smoking
Yes	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1.000
Alcohol consumption
Yes	3 (8%)	3 (9%)	1.000
Kellgren-Lawrence scores	2.7 ± 0.7	2.7 ± 0.7	0.962
WOMAC^*
Pain	130.0 ± 87.9	116.9 ± 84.4	0.493
Stiffness	40.4 ± 47.2	40.6 ± 40.6	0.986
Physical function	413.3 ± 318.1	413.5 ± 326.8	0.999

Note: the scores are presented as the number of cases (percentage) or the mean (standard deviation) for each variable.
^*WOMAC: Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index.