The Effects of Clinical Hypnosis versus Neurolinguistic Programming (NLP) before External Cephalic Version (ECV): A Prospective Off-Centre Randomised, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial

Table 4

Mean ± standard deviation of number of ECVs for each participant and duration time, pain relief during ECV manoeuvre, and a selection of questionnaire (^*) items for the hypnosis (𝑛=42) and NLP (𝑛=38) intervention.

	NLP	Hypnosis group 𝑛 (%)	𝑃 value
Number of ECV for each participant	2.3±1.0	2.2±0.9	ns
Duration of ECV (minutes)	5.9±3.4	6.0±3.4	ns
Good pain relief during ECV	3.3±1.8	3.4±1.7	ns
Wish for more pain killers during ECV	4.8±1.5	5.4±1.2	ns
Strong pain during ECV	3.6±1.9	3.6±1.8	ns
Negative memories	5.4±1.1	5.2±1.3	ns
ECV was as expected	2.7±1.7	2.8±1.8	ns
I felt safe during the ECV	1.8±0.8	1.8±0.8	ns
I had everything under control	2.5±1.2	2.4±1.3	ns
I would recommend a ECV to my best friend	1.4±0.9	1.7±1.2	ns
I have good memories of the ECV	2.8±1.8	3.4±1.7	ns
Intervention (hypnosis or NLP) was helpful	1.6±1.1	2.0±1.7	ns
Intervention (hypnosis or NLP) was relaxing	1.4±0.9	2.2±1.7	0.04
Good support by the doctor/midwife	1.1±0.4	1.3±0.6	0.04

*1: absolutely true, 2: mainly true, 3: slightly true, 4: slightly not true, 5: mainly not true, 6: absolutely not true.