Traditional Chinese Medicine for Senile Dementia

Table 5

Memory-improving and neuro-protective effects of Radix et rhizoma glycyrrhizae.

Test	Test materials /dose	Test model	Endpoint/biomarkers	Effects	Mechanisms	Reference
In vivo	Extracts 75–300 mg/kg, 7d diet 0.5 or 1%, 6w	Diazepam treated mice	Elevated plus-maze test	Improve memory	Cholinergic	[50]
		Scopolamine treated mice	passive avoidance test			[51]
		Aβ 25–35 treated mice	passive avoidance testMorris water-maze test TBARS/Catalase/AChE	Improve memory	Quench oxidative stress Inhibit AChE	[52]
	Aqueous extracts 150 mg/kg, 7d n-hexane extracts 5 mg/kg, 3d	Innate mice	AChE	Inhibit AChE	N.A.	[53]
	Methanol extract 50–100 mg/kg, 21d	IR treated Mongolian gerbils	Cu, Zn-SOD1CA1 pyramidal cells	Protect neurons	Restore Cu, Zn-SOD1	[54]
	Liquiritigenin 2.3–21 mg/kg, 7d	Aβ (25–35)-treated rats	Morris water maze testReference memory taskProbe taskTwo-way shuttle avoidance taskMAP, Nissle, Notch-2			[55]
In vivo	Isoliquiritigenin 5–20 mg/kg, 7d	MCAO-treated rats	MDASOD,GSH-Px, CatalaseNa^+-K^+-ATPase, ATPEnergy charge, total adenine nucleotides	Protect brain	Promote energy metabolismInhibit oxidative stress	[56]
	Glabridin 1–4 mg/kg, 3d	Innate Mice	ChE	Improve memory	Inhibit ChE	[57]
	Glabridin 5–25 mg/kg	IR-treated rats Staurosporine-treated neurons	MDA, GSH and SODBax, caspase-3,bcl-2	Protect neurons	Inhibit apoptosisInhibit oxidative stress	[58]

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE); cholinesterase (ChE); thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS); superoxide dismutase (SOD); malondialdehyde (MDA); glutathione (GSH); microtubule-associated protein (MAP) 2; middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO); β amyloid (Aβ); Ischemia-reperfusion (IR); not available (N.A.).