Shikonin Directly Targets Mitochondria and Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cancer Cells
Table 1
IC50 values (mean ± SEM) of shikonin for a panel of 15 different sensitive and resistant cancer cell lines after 24and 48 h as assayed by resazurin reduction assay.
Cell line
Cancer type
Shikonin
IC50 [μM] (24 h)
IC50 [μM] (48 h)
U937
Histiocytic leukemia cell line
0.30 ± 0.003
0.19 ± 0.003
CCRF-CEM
Acute lymphocytic leukemia cell line
0.37 ± 0.01
0.24 ± 0.001
CEM/ADR5000*
Acute lymphocytic leukemia cell line
0.36 ± 0.05
0.38 ± 0.01
HL-60
Acute myelocytic leukemia cell line
0.39 ± 0.01
0.42 ± 0.001
HL-60/AR*
Acute myelocytic leukemia cell line
0.95 ± 0.003
0.47 ± 0.001
MCF-7
Breast carcinoma cell line
9.05 ± 0.08
10.51 ± 0.03
SK-BR-3
Breast adenocarcinoma cell line
9.21 ± 0.08
8.70 ± 0.03
MDA-MB-231/pcDNA3
Breast carcinoma cell line
1.23 ± 0.03
0.88 ± 0.03
MDA-MB-231/BCRP*
Breast carcinoma cell line
2.61 ± 0.06
1.48 ± 0.04
786-O
Kidney carcinoma cell line
9.44 ± 0.13
8.03 ± 0.06
SW-1116
Colorectal carcinoma (GIII) cell line
6.63 ± 0.09
4.42 ± 0.06
HCT-116
Colorectal carcinoma
4.74 ± 0.07
8.54 ± 0.01
SW680
Colorectal carcinoma
7.21 ± 0.13
2.96 ± 0.06
Capan1
Pancreas adenocarcinoma cell line
7.23 ± 0.28
6.21 ± 0.14
SUIT-2
Pancreatic carcinoma cell line
12.92 ± 0.35
18.50 ± 0.09
*MDR cancer cell lines with various drug resistances.
