Bioguided Fractionation Shows Cassia alata Extract to Inhibit Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Growth and Biofilm Formation

Table 1

Antimicrobial activity of C. alata leaf extract by TLC-BAO.

Sample spotted	S. aureus	S. epidermidis	Escherichia coli	S. choleraesius	Bacillus subtilis	P. aeruginosa	K. pneumonia	Candida albicans	S. cerevisiae
CaAE (100 μg)	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
CaRP (100 μg)	+	+	−	−	++	++	−	−	−
Ciprofloxacin^a	++	+	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	ND	ND
Chloramphenicol^a	++	ND	+++	+++	+++	−	+++	ND	ND
Streptomycin^b	−	ND	++	+	++	++	+	ND	ND
Tebuconazole^c	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	+++	+++

+: <0.5 cm of diameter of inhibition; ++: <1.0 cm of diameter of inhibition; +++: >1.0 cm of diameter of inhibition; −: resistant cells; ND: not determined; ^a18 μg; ^b19 μg; ^c50 μg.
TLC-BAO representative figure; a: TLC exposed to UV_254 nm, b: TLC exposed to UV_350 nm; c: Bioautography of S. epidermidis. Clor: chloramphenicol 18 μg. Rf: retention factor. Arrows indicate nongrowing cells.