The “Hidden Diversity” of Medicinal Plants in Northeastern Brazil: Diagnosis and Prospects for Conservation and Biological Prospecting

Table 1

Ethnospecies marketed in the Northeast Brazil and the corresponding species cataloged in the scientific literature.

Vernacular name	Family	Scientific name in the original source	Valid scientific name	Origin	Literature	State
Aroeira	Anacardiaceae	Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão	Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão	N	[1, 3, 9, 52–78]	PE, PB, SE, CE, PI, MA, RN, BA
		Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi	Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi	N	[1, 11, 65, 79–84]	PE, RN, BA
Cajá	Anacardiaceae	Spondias mombin  L.; Spondias lutea  L.	Spondias mombin  L.	N	[56, 57, 63, 67, 76, 82, 85–87]	PE, PB, PI, BA
Abre; Caminho	Fabaceae	Centrosema brasilianum (L.) Benth.	Centrosema brasilianum (L.) Benth.	N	[88]	PB
	Schizaeaceae	Lygodium venustum Sw.	Lygodium venustum Sw.	N	[1, 65]	PE
		Lygodium  volubile Sw.	Lygodium  volubile Sw.	N	[1, 65]	PE
Açoita; cavalo	Tiliaceae	Luehea divaricata Mart.	Luehea divaricata Mart.	N	[66, 68]	MA
		Luehea ochrophylla Mart.	Luehea ochrophylla Mart.	N	[89]	PB
		Luehea grandiflora Mart.	Luehea grandiflora Mart.	N	[61, 68]	MA
		Luehea speciosa Willd.
		Luehea candicans Mart.	Luehea candicans Mart.	N	[57]	PI
Acônito	Amaranthaceae	Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen	Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen	N	[56, 65]	PE
		Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze	Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze	N	[77]	PB
Amburana	Fabaceae	Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A. C. Sm.	Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A. C. Sm.	N	[68–70, 78, 79]	PB, CE, MA, BA
	Burseraceae	Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J. B. Gillett	Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J. B. Gillett	N	[1, 3, 62–64, 70, 71, 73, 76, 80, 88]	PE, PB, RN, BA
		Bursera leptophloeos Mart.
Cumaru	Fabaceae	Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A. C. Sm.	Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A. C. Sm.	N	[3, 52, 53, 55, 59, 60, 62, 67, 70–72, 76, 77]	PE, PB, CE, RN
		Torresea cearensis Allemão
		Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd.	Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd.	N	[81]	RN
Angelica	Rubiaceae	Guettarda platypoda DC.	Guettarda platypoda DC.	N	[56, 89]	PE, PB
		Guettarda angelica Mart.  ex  Mull. Arg.	Guettarda angelica Mart.  ex  Mull. Arg.	N	[90]	RN
Araticum	Annonaceae	Annona crassiflora Mart.	Annona crassiflora Mart.	N	[85]	PB
		Annona coriacea Mart.	Annona coriacea Mart.	N	[78, 91]	PB, CE
Angico	Fabaceae	Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan	Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan	N	[3, 11, 52–54, 56, 59, 60, 62–64, 67, 69, 70, 72–74, 76–80, 85, 88, 92–94]	PE, PB, CE, PI, RN, BA
		Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Vell.) Brenan
		Piptadenia colubrina (Vell.) Benth.
Assa-peixe	Asteraceae	Vernonia polyanthes (Spreng.) Less.	Vernonanthura phosphorica (Vell.) H. Rob.	N	[79]	BA
		Vernonia scabra Pers.	Vernonanthura brasiliana (L.) H. Rob.	N	[60]	CE
		Vernonia ferruginea Less.	Vernonanthura ferruginea (Less.) H. Rob.	N	[82]	BA
		Gochnatia velutina (Bong.) Cabrera	Gochnatia velutina (Bong.) Cabrera	N	[79]	BA
		Verbesina macrophylla (Mull.) S. F. Blake	Verbesina macrophylla (Mull.) S. F. Blake	N	[83]	BA
	Euphorbiaceae	Acalypha multicaulis Mull. Arg.	Acalypha multicaulis Mull. Arg.	N	[95]	SE
Balaio de; veio	Asteraceae	Conocliniopsis prasiifolia (DC.) R. M. King and H. Rob.	Conocliniopsis prasiifolia (DC.) R. M. King and H. Rob.	N	[58, 95, 96]	SE
		Lourteigia ballotifolia (Kunth) R. M. King and H. Rob.
		Centratherum punctatum Cass.	Centratherum punctatum Cass.	N	[82]	BA
		Ageratum conyzoides  L.	Ageratum conyzoides  L.	N	[96]	SE
	Chrysobalanaceae	Hirtella ciliata Mart. and Zucc.	Hirtella ciliata Mart. and Zucc.	N	[78]	CE
Batata de; Purga	Convolvulaceae	Operculina alata Urb.	Operculina alata Urb.	N	[11, 56, 66, 92]	PE, CE, MA
		Operculina convolvulus Silva Manso	Operculina macrocarpa (L.) Urb.	N	[9, 11, 57–59, 66, 94, 97]	PE, PB, SE, CE, PI, RN
		Operculina macrocarpa (L.) Urb.
		Ipomoea purga (Wender.) Hayne	Ipomoea dumosa (Benth.) L. O. Williams	E	[68]	MA
		Operculina hamiltonii (G. Don) D. F. Austin and Staples	Operculina hamiltonii (G. Don) D. F. Austin and Staples	N	[72, 88]	PB
Burdão de; velho	Fabaceae	Pithecellobium saman (Jacq.) Benth.	Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.	E	[56, 61]	PE, MA
		Samanea tubulosa (Benth.) Barneby and J. W. Grimes	Samanea tubulosa (Benth.) Barneby and J. W. Grimes	N	[86]	PB
		Albizia polycephala (Benth.) Killip	Albizia polycephala (Benth.) Killip	N	[85]	PB
Canafístula	Fabaceae	Senna spectabilis (DC.) H. S. Irwin and Barneby	Senna spectabilis (DC.) H. S. Irwin and Barneby	N	[3, 60, 67, 70, 75, 77, 90]	PE, PB, CE, RN
		Senna martiana (Benth.) H. S. Irwin and Barneby	Senna martiana (Benth.) H. S. Irwin and Barneby	N	[75]	PE
		Albizia inundata (Mart.) Barneby and J. W. Grimes	Albizia inundata (Mart.) Barneby and J. W. Grimes	N	[73]	PE
		Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub.	Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub.	N	[82]	BA
Capeba	Begoniaceae	Begonia vitifolia Schott	Begonia reniformis Dryand.	N	[1, 11, 56, 65, 94]	PE
		Begonia reniformis Dryand.
		Begonia huberi C. DC.
	Piperaceae	Pothomorphe peltata (L.) Miq.	Piper peltatum  L.	N	[67]	BA
		Piper marginatum Jacq.	Piper marginatum Jacq.	N	[53]	PE
		Piper umbellatum  L.	Piper umbellatum  L.	N	[84]	BA
Murici	Malpighiaceae	Byrsonima sericea DC.	Byrsonima sericea DC.	N	[11, 56, 63, 82, 86, 87, 89, 98]	PE, PB, CE, PI, BA
		Byrsonima verbascifolia (L.) DC.	Byrsonima verbascifolia (L.) DC.	N	[98]	CE
		Byrsonima coccolobifolia Kunth	Byrsonima coccolobifolia Kunth	N	[98]	CE
		Byrsonima gardneriana A. Juss.	Byrsonima gardneriana A. Juss.	N	[74, 85]	PB, PI
		Byrsonima correifolia A. Juss.	Byrsonima correifolia A. Juss.	N	[57]	PI
Mulungu	Fabaceae	Erythrina velutina Willd.	Erythrina velutina Willd.	N	[1, 3, 56, 59, 60, 63, 67, 71–73, 75–77, 86, 88, 89, 93, 94, 97]	PE, PB, SE, CE, RN
Muçambê	Cleomaceae	Cleome hassleriana Chodat	Tarenaya hassleriana (Chodat) Iltis	N	[94]	PE
		Cleome spinosa Jacq.	Tarenaya spinosa (Jacq.) Raf.	N	[3, 9, 56, 57, 59, 65, 71, 72, 75, 92, 93]	PE, PB, CE, PI, RN
Mororó	Fabaceae	Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong.) Steud.	Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong.) Steud.	N	[3, 58, 60, 62–64, 71–73, 75–78, 85, 90, 95, 99]	PE, PB, SE, CE, RN
		Bauhinia forficata Link	Bauhinia forficata Link	N	[57, 68, 81, 93]	PE, MA, RN
		Bauhinia subclavata Benth.	Bauhinia subclavata Benth.	N	[80]	BA
		Bauhinia smilacifolia Burch. ex Benth.	Bauhinia smilacifolia Burch. ex Benth.	N	[90]	RN
		Bauhinia outimouta Aubl.	Phanera outimouta (Aubl.) L. P. Queiroz	N	[78]	CE
		Bauhinia acuruana Moric.	Bauhinia acuruana Moric.	N	[74]	PI
		Bauhinia ungulata  L.	Bauhinia ungulata  L.	N	[55]	CE
Piqui	Caryocaraceae	Caryocar brasiliense Cambess.	Caryocar brasiliense Cambess.	N	[61, 66, 68]	MA
		Caryocar coriaceum Wittm.	Caryocar coriaceum Wittm.	N	[78, 92, 98]	CE
Quebra; pedra	Euphorbiaceae	Phyllanthus niruri  L.	Phyllanthus niruri  L.	N	[1, 11, 57, 59, 61, 62, 65, 66, 68, 71, 75, 84, 90, 99]	PE, PB, PI, MA, RN, BA
		Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. and Thonn.	Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. and Thonn.	N	[9, 52, 53, 55, 56, 63, 72, 76, 92–94]	PE, PB, CE
		Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb.	Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb.	N	[79, 83]	BA
		Phyllanthus corcovadensis Mull. Arg.
		Euphorbia hyssopifolia  L.	Euphorbia hyssopifolia  L.	N	[75, 95]	PE, SE
		Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (L.) Small
		Euphorbia thymifolia  L.	Euphorbia thymifolia  L.	N	[56]	PE
		Euphorbia prostrata Aiton	Euphorbia prostrata Aiton	N	[75]	PE
		Phyllanthus flaviflorus (K. Schum. and Lauterb.) Airy Shaw	Phyllanthus flaviflorus (K. Schum. and Lauterb.) Airy Shaw	E	[69]	BA
		Phyllanthus urinaria  L.	Phyllanthus urinaria  L.	E	[78]	CE
	Oxalidaceae	Oxalis divaricata Mart. ex Zucc.	Oxalis divaricata Mart. ex Zucc.	N	[58]	SE
Sabugueiro	Adoxaceae	Sambucus australis Cham. and Schltdl.	Sambucus australis Cham. and Schltdl.	N	[9, 11, 56, 78, 81, 83, 84, 93, 94, 100]	PE, PB, CE, RN, BA
		Sambucus racemosa  L.	Sambucus racemosa  L.	E	[69]	BA
		Sambucus nigra  L.	Sambucus nigra  L.	E	[1, 11, 65, 67, 76, 79, 92, 99]	PE, CE, RN, BA
Fedegoso	Boraginaceae	Heliotropium indicum  L.	Heliotropium indicum  L.	N	[1, 11, 52, 55, 56, 62, 63, 71, 75, 76, 85, 88–90, 92, 94]	PE, PB, CE, RN
		Heliotropium elongatum Hoffm. ex Roem. and Schult.	Heliotropium elongatum Hoffm. ex Roem. and Schult.	N	[3, 53, 59, 72]	PE, PB, RN
		Heliotropium procumbens Mill.	Heliotropium procumbens Mill.	E	[60]	CE
	Fabaceae	Senna occidentalis (L.) Link	Senna occidentalis (L.) Link	N	[57, 67, 69, 80, 83, 84, 88, 95]	PB, SE, PI, BA
		Senna uniflora (Mill.) H. S. Irwin and Barneby	Senna uniflora (Mill.) H. S. Irwin and Barneby	N	[66]	MA
Favela	Euphorbiaceae	Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl	Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl	N	[3, 9, 58–60, 62, 70, 71, 74, 77, 88]	PB, SE, CE, PI, RN
		Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus (Mull. Arg.) Pax and  L. Hoffm.			[9, 60, 71, 74, 88]	PB, CE, PI
Velame	Euphorbiaceae	Croton rhamnifolius Willd.	Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth	N	[3, 57, 59, 62–64, 70, 73, 75, 76, 80, 85, 94, 95]	PE, PB, SE, PI, RN, BA
		Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth
		Croton moritibensis Baill.
		Croton sonderianus Mull. Arg.	Croton sonderianus Mull. Arg.	N	[61, 93]	PE, MA
		Croton campestris A. St.-Hil.	Croton campestris A. St.-Hil.	N	[69, 71, 74, 78, 92]	PB, CE, PI, BA
		Croton tenuifolius Pax and K. Hoffm.	Croton betaceus Baill.	N	[57]	PI
Acansu	Fabaceae	Periandra dulcis Mart. ex  Benth.	Periandra mediterranea (Vell.) Taub.	N	[53, 80, 89]	PE, PB, BA
		Periandra mediterranea (Vell.) Taub.
Chanana	Turneraceae	Turnera ulmifolia  L.	Turnera ulmifolia  L.	E	[1, 9, 11, 56, 57, 60, 61, 65, 66, 68, 71, 89]	PE, PB, CE, PI, MA
		Turnera subulata Sm.	Turnera subulata Sm.	N	[55, 59, 62, 78, 88, 89, 95]	PB, SE, CE, RN
		Turnera chamaedrifolia Cambess.	Turnera chamaedrifolia Cambess.	N	[77]	PB
		Turnera guianensis Aubl.	Turnera guianensis Aubl.	N	[68]	MA
João Mole	Nyctaginaceae	Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz	Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz	N	[85, 86]	PB
		Guapira noxia (Netto) Lundell	Guapira noxia (Netto) Lundell	N	[95]	SE
Unha de; gato	Lycopodiaceae	Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic. Serm.	Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic. Serm.	N	[56]	PE
	Alismataceae	Echinochloa colona (L.) Link	Echinochloa colona (L.) Link	E	[75]	PE
	Rubiaceae	Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC.	Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC.	N	[11, 54, 68, 72]	PE, PB, MA
	Fabaceae	Acacia paniculata Willd.	Senegalia tenuifolia (L.) Britton and Rose	N	[9, 52, 60, 63, 64, 73, 76]	PE, CE
		Mimosa somnians Humb. and Bonpl. ex Willd.	Mimosa somnians Humb. and Bonpl.   ex Willd.	N	[95]	SE
		Mimosa sensitiva  L.	Mimosa sensitiva  L.	N	[58]	SE
Lingua de; Vaca	Asteraceae	Elephantopus mollis Kunth	Elephantopus mollis Kunth	E	[66]	MA
	Portulacaceae	Talinum portulacifolium (Forssk.) Asch. ex Schweinf.	Talinum portulacifolium (Forssk.) Asch. ex Schweinf.	E	[58]	SE
	Fabaceae	Centrosema brasilianum (L.) Benth.	Centrosema brasilianum (L.) Benth.	N	[90]	RN
	Sapotaceae	Chrysophyllum splendens Spreng.	Chrysophyllum splendens Spreng.	N	[82]	BA
	Alismataceae	Echinodorus subalatus (Mart.) Griseb.	Echinodorus subalatus (Mart.) Griseb.	N	[59]	RN
Lacre	Clusiaceae	Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Pers.	Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Pers.	N	[1, 11, 53, 56, 65, 78, 86, 89, 94]	PE, PB, CE
		Vismia brasiliensis Choisy	Vismia brasiliensis Choisy	N	[87]	PI
Jurubeba	Solanaceae	Solanum paniculatum  L.	Solanum paniculatum  L.	N	[1, 11, 52, 53, 56, 63, 67, 74–77, 80, 86, 88, 93, 94]	PE, PB, PI, BA
		Solanum paludosum Moric.	Solanum paludosum Moric.	N	[58, 89, 90]	PB, SE, RN
		Solanum absconditum Agra	Solanum absconditum Agra	N	[85]	PB
		Solanum auriculatum Aiton	Solanum mauritianum Scop.	N	[97]	SE
		Solanum erianthum D. Don	Solanum granuloso-leprosum Dunal	N	[78]	CE
		Solanum polytrichum Moric.	Solanum polyrtrichum Moric.	N	[82]	BA
		Solanum albidum Dunal	Solanum albidum Dunal	E	[55]	CE
		Solanum tabacifolium Vell.	Solanum scuticum M. Nee	N	[79]	BA
		Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil.	Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil.	N	[66]	MA
Cedro	Meliaceae	Cedrela fissilis Vell.	Cedrela fissilis Vell.	N	[80, 86, 93]	PE, PB, BA
		Cedrela odorata  L.	Cedrela odorata  L.	N	[1, 11, 52, 53, 56, 63, 72, 73, 76, 84, 85]	PE, PB, BA
	Tiliaceae	Luehea grandiflora Mart.	Luehea grandiflora Mart.	N	[69]	BA
Crista de; galo	Amaranthaceae	Celosia cristata  L.	Celosia argentea  L.	E	[61, 63, 94]	PE, MA
	Plumbaginaceae	Plumbago scandens  L.	Plumbago scandens  L.	N	[95]	SE
	Boraginaceae	Heliotropium indicum  L.	Heliotropium indicum  L.	N	[58, 78, 83, 88]	PB, SE, CE, BA
		Heliotropium angiospermum Murray	Heliotropium angiospermum Murray	N	[11]	PE
		Heliotropium tiaridioides Cham.	Heliotropium transalpinum Vell.	N	[74]	PI
Manjerona	Lamiaceae	Ocimum americanum  L.	Ocimum americanum  L.	E	[1, 56, 65]	PE
		Origanum majorana  L.	Origanum majorana  L.	E	[66, 84, 99, 100]	PB, MA, RN, BA
Angelim	Fabaceae	Andira nitida Mart. ex Benth.	Andira nitida Mart. ex  Benth.	N	[56]	PE
		Piptadenia obliqua (Pers.) J. F. Macbr.	Pityrocarpa obliqua subsp. brasiliensis (G. P. Lewis) Luckow and R. W. Jobson	N	[60]	CE
		Andira vermifuga Mart. ex Benth.	Andira vermifuga Mart. ex Benth.	N	[74]	PI
		Andira paniculata Benth.	Andira paniculata Benth.	N	[87]	PI
		Luetzelburgia auriculata (Allemão) Ducke	Luetzelburgia auriculata (Allemão) Ducke	N	[87]	PI
Arrozinho	Polygalaceae	Polygala gracilis Kunth	Polygala gracilis Kunth	N	[88]	PB
		Polygala paniculata  L.	Polygala paniculata  L.	N	[88]	PB
	Fabaceae	Zornia latifolia Sm.	Zornia latifolia Sm.	N	[67]	BA
Anil estrelado	Schisandraceae	Illicium verum Hook. f.	Illicium verum Hook. f.	E	[1, 11, 53]	PE
Cavalinha	Equisetaceae	Equisetum hyemale  L.	Equisetum hyemale  L.	E	[54]	PB
		Equisetum giganteum  L.	Equisetum giganteum  L.	N	[93]	PE
		Equisetum arvense  L.	Equisetum arvense  L.	E	[84]	BA
Chumbinho	Verbenaceae	Lantana camara  L.	Lantana camara  L.	N	[11, 53, 56, 58, 63, 64, 67, 73, 76, 82, 86, 88–90, 95, 96, 98]	PE, PB, SE, CE, RN, BA
	Oxalidaceae	Oxalis insipida A. St.-Hill.	Oxalis psoraleoides Kunth	N	[73]	PE
	Sapindaceae	Cardiospermum corindum  L.	Cardiospermum corindum  L.	N	[74]	PI
		Cardiospermum halicacabum  L.	Cardiospermum halicacabum  L.	N	[74]	PI
Camará	Verbenaceae	Lantana camara  L.	Lantana camara  L.	N	[60, 67, 71, 74, 88]	PB, CE, PI, BA
		Lantana canescens Kunth	Lantana canescens Kunth	N	[58]	SE
	Asteraceae	Wedelia scaberrima Benth.	Wedelia calycina Rich.	N	[90]	RN
		Verbesina diversifolia DC.	Verbesina diversifolia DC.	N	[86]	PB
Canela de; velho	Melastomataceae	Miconia albicans (Sw.) Steud.	Miconia albicans (Sw.) Steud.	N	[67]	BA
	Fabaceae	Cenostigma Gardnerianum Tul.	Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul.	N	[74]	PI
	Primulaceae	Cybianthus detergens Mart.	Cybianthus detergens Mart.	N	[78]	CE
Catuaba	Bignoniaceae	Anemopaegma arvense (Vell.) Stellfeld and J. F. Souza	Anemopaegma arvense (Vell.) Stellfeld and J. F. Souza	N	[68]	MA
	Erythroxylaceae	Erythroxylum amplifolium (Mart.) O. E. Schulz	Erythroxylum amplifolium (Mart.) O. E. Schulz	N	[78]	CE
		Erythroxylum vacciniifolium Mart.	Erythroxylum vacciniifolium Mart.	N	[66, 69]	MA, BA
Japecanga	Smilacaceae	Smilax campestris Griseb.	Smilax campestris Griseb.	N	[78]	CE
		Smilax japecanga Griseb.	Smilax japecanga Griseb.	N	[98]	CE
		Smilax cissoides Mart. ex Griseb.	Smilax cissoides Mart. ex Griseb.	N	[85]	PB
		Smilax rotundifolia  L.	Smilax rotundifolia  L.	N	[11]	PE
Vassourinha	Plantaginaceae	Scoparia dulcis  L.	Scoparia dulcis  L.	N	[9, 59, 61, 66, 67, 71, 74, 78, 80, 83, 88]	PB, CE, PI, MA, RN, BA
	Asteraceae	Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC.	Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC.	N	[93]	PE
	Brassicaceae	Nasturtium officinale W. T. Aiton	Nasturtium officinale W. T. Aiton	E	[93]	PE
	Scrophulariaceae	Capraria biflora  L.	Capraria biflora  L.	N	[60]	CE
	Polygalaceae	Polygala paniculata  L.	Polygala paniculata  L.	N	[67]	BA
	Rubiaceae	Borreria scabiosoides Cham. and Schldl.	Borreria scabiosoides Cham. and Schldl.	N	[89]	PB
		Spermacoce verticillata  L.	Borreria verticillata (L.) G. Mey.	N	[57]	PI
Transagem	Plantaginaceae	Plantago major  L.	Plantago major  L.	E	[53, 54, 67, 69, 72, 79, 83, 84, 94]	PE, PB, BA
	Alismataceae	Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. and Schltd L.) Micheli	Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. and Schltd L.) Micheli	N	[76, 93]	PE
Alcachofra	Asteraceae	Vernonia condensata Baker	Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch. Bip. ex Walp.	N	[1, 53, 56, 63, 67, 76, 94]	PE
		Cynara scolymus  L.	Cynara cardunculus  L.	E	[52, 63, 84]	PE, BA
		Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch. Bip. ex Walp.	Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch. Bip. ex Walp.	N	[11]	PE
Açafrão	Zingiberaceae	Curcuma longa  L.	Curcuma longa  L.	E	[72, 84]	PB, BA
Alfavaca	Lamiaceae	Ocimum basilicum  L.	Ocimum basilicum  L.	E	[68, 81]	MA, RN
		Ocimum campechianum Mill.	Ocimum campechianum Mill.	N	[9, 53, 60, 83]	PE, CE, BA
		Ocimum gratissimum  L.	Ocimum gratissimum  L.	E	[1, 55, 56, 61, 78]	PE, CE, MA
Catolé	Arecaceae	Syagrus oleracea (Mart.) Becc.	Syagrus oleracea (Mart.) Becc.	N	[85]	PB
		Syagrus picrophylla Barb. Rodr.	Syagrus picrophylla Barb. Rodr.	N	[55]	CE
		Syagrus cearensis Noblick	Syagrus cearensis Noblick	N	[78]	CE
Mentrasto	Asteraceae	Ageratum conyzoides  L.	Ageratum conyzoides  L.	N	[58–60, 69, 78, 83, 94, 99]	PE, SE, CE, RN, BA
		Stilpnopappus scaposus DC.	Stilpnopappus scaposus DC.	N	[96]	SE
		Blainvillea rhomboidea Cass.	Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson	N	[96]	SE
		Prolobus nitidulus (Baker) R. M. King and H. Rob.	Prolobus nitidulus (Baker) R. M. King and H. Rob.	N	[96]	SE
	Polygalaceae	Polygala violacea Aubl.	Polygala violacea Aubl.	N	[95]	SE
Catingueira	Fabaceae	Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul.	Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz	N	[3, 9, 11, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 62, 63, 67, 70, 71, 75–77, 88, 90, 95, 99]	PE, PB, SE, CE, RN
		Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz
		Caesalpinia bracteosa Tul.	Poincianella bracteosa (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz	N	[57, 60]	CE, PI
		Poincianella microphylla (Mart. ex G. Don) L. P. Queiroz	Poincianella microphylla (Mart. ex G. Don) L. P. Queiroz	N	[80]	BA
Marmeleiro	Euphorbiaceae	Croton blanchetianus Baill.	Croton blanchetianus Baill.	N	[3, 52, 59, 63, 64, 70, 73, 76, 78, 80, 95]	PE, PB, SE, CE, RN, BA
		Croton sonderianus Mull. Arg.	Croton sonderianus Mull. Arg.	N	[55, 62, 71, 72, 74, 75, 81, 90]	PE, PB, CE, PI, RN
		Croton rhamnifolius Willd.	Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth	N	[98]	CE
		Croton urticifolius Lam.	Croton urticifolius Lam.	N	[86]	PB
		Croton argyrophylloides Mull. Arg.	Croton argyrophylloides Mull. Arg.	N	[76]	PE
Oiticica	Chrysobalanaceae	Licania rigida Benth.	Licania rigida Benth.	N	[9, 55, 59, 60, 70–72, 77, 85, 99]	PB, CE, RN
Picão	Asteraceae	Bidens pilosa  L.	Bidens pilosa  L.	E	[61, 67]	MA, BA
Barriguda	Malvaceae	Ceiba glaziovii (Kuntze) K. Schum.	Ceiba glaziovii (Kuntze) K. Schum.	N	[9, 77, 85, 88]	PB, CE
	Bombacaceae	Chorisia glaziovii (Kuntze) E. Santos	Chorisia glaziovii (Kuntze) E. Santos	N	[63, 64, 73, 75]	PE
	Lamiaceae	Hypenia salzmannii (Benth.) Harley	Hypenia salzmannii (Benth.) Harley	N	[57]	PI
Vique	Polygalaceae	Polygala paniculata  L.	Polygala paniculata  L.	N	[67, 90]	RN, BA
		Polygala bryoides A. St.-Hil. and Moq.	Polygala bryoides A.St.-Hil. and Moq.	N	[90]	RN
	Lamiaceae	Mentha spicata  L.	Mentha spicata  L.	E	[66, 68]	MA
		Mentha pulegium  L.	Mentha pulegium  L.	E	[56]	PE
Agrião	Brassicaceae	Nasturtium officinale W. T. Aiton	Nasturtium officinale W. T. Aiton	E	[9, 53, 56, 69, 81, 93, 94, 99]	PE, CE, RN, BA
		Rorippa pumila (Camb.) A. Lima	Rorippa pumila (Camb.) A. Lima	E	[65]	PE
	Asteraceae	Acmella ciliata (Kunth) Cass.	Acmella ciliata (Kunth) Cass.	N	[57]	PI
		Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen	Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen	N	[72]	PB
Algodão	Malvaceae	Gossypium hirsutum  L.	Gossypium hirsutum  L.	E	[57, 78, 93]	PE, CE, PI
		Gossypium barbadense  L.	Gossypium barbadense  L.	E	[56, 67, 78]	PE, CE, BA
		Gossypium herbaceum  L.	Gossypium herbaceum  L.	E	[66, 68, 69, 75, 83, 84]	PE, MA, BA
		Gossypium arboreum  L.	Gossypium arboreum  L.	E	[61]	MA
Ameixa	Olacaceae	Ximenia americana  L.	Ximenia americana  L.	N	[3, 9, 11, 53, 55, 57–60, 62, 70, 74, 78, 90, 97]	PE, PB, SE, CE, PI, RN
	Sapotaceae	Chrysophyllum arenarium Allemão	Chrysophyllum arenarium Allemão	N	[98]	CE
	Myrtaceae	Eugenia cumini (L.) Druce	Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels	E	[68]	MA
	Rosaceae	Prunus domestica  L.	Prunus domestica  L.	E	[81]	RN
Anador	Lamiaceae	Plectranthus barbatus Andrews	Plectranthus barbatus Andrews	E	[68]	MA
		Ocimum selloi Benth.	Ocimum carnosum (Spreng.) Link; and Otto ex Benth.	N	[67]	BA
	Acanthaceae	Justicia gendarussa Burm. f.	Justicia gendarussa Burm. f.	E	[53]	PE
		Justicia pectoralis Jacq.	Justicia pectoralis Jacq.	N	[52, 55, 63, 94]	PE, CE
	Amaranthaceae	Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze	Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze	N	[67, 69]	BA
		Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen	Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen	N	[67, 79]	BA
	Asteraceae	Artemisia vulgaris  L.	Artemisia vulgaris  L.	E	[72, 78]	PB, CE
		Iodina rhombifolia Hook. and Arn.	Jodina rhombifolia (Hook. and Arn) Reissek	N	[100]	PB
Arruda	Rutaceae	Ruta graveolens  L.	Ruta graveolens  L.	E	[1, 9, 11, 52–57, 63, 65, 67–69, 72, 75, 76, 78, 79, 81, 83, 84, 93, 94, 99–101]	PE, PB, SE, CE, PI, MA, RN, BA
Artemísia	Asteraceae	Artemisia vulgaris  L.	Artemisia vulgaris  L.	E	[54, 69, 83, 84, 94]	PE, PB, BA
Bambu	Poaceae	Dendrocalamus giganteus Wall. ex Munro	Dendrocalamus giganteus Wall. ex Munro	E	[11, 56]	PE
		Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd.	Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss	E	[69]	BA
		Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J. C. Wendl.	Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J. C. Wendl.	E	[84]	BA
Janauba	Apocynacaee	Himatanthus bracteatus (A. DC.) Woodson	Himatanthus bracteatus (A. DC.) Woodson	N	[82]	BA
		Himatanthus sucuuba (Spruce ex Mull. Arg.) Woodson	Himatanthus sucuuba (Spruce ex Mull. Arg.) Woodson	N	[66]	MA
		Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.) Plumel	Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.) Plumel	N	[78, 98]	CE
Barbatimão	Fabaceae	Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville	Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville	N	[1, 79, 92, 94, 99]	PE, CE, RN, BA
		Stryphnodendron barbatimam Mart.
		Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby and J. W.	Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby and J. W.	N	[11, 53, 56, 69]	PE, BA
		Pithecellobium cochliacarpum (Gomes) J. F. Macbr.
		Stryphnodendron coriaceum Benth.	Stryphnodendron coriaceum Benth.	N	[54, 71, 78, 87, 98]	PB, CE, PI
Bom nome	Celastraceae	Maytenus rigida Mart.	Maytenus rigida Mart.	N	[1, 3, 9, 52–54, 56, 58, 60, 63, 67, 71, 73, 75–77, 88, 95–97]	PE, PB, SE, CE
		Maytenus distichophylla Mart.	Maytenus distichophylla Mart.	N	[78]	CE
Caju	Anacardiaceae	Anacardium occidentale  L.	Anacardium occidentale  L.	N	[9, 11, 54, 56–58, 61, 63, 66–68, 71, 75, 78, 79, 81–84, 86, 87, 89, 92–94, 99]	PE, PB, SE, CE, PI, MA, RN, BA
Cardo santo	Papaveraceae	Argemone mexicana  L.	Argemone subfusiformis G. B. Ownbey	E	[1, 11, 53, 60, 71, 75, 77, 79, 83, 88, 93]	PE, PB, CE, BA
		Argemone subfusiformis G. B. Ownbey
	Asteraceae	Carduus benedictus Gaert.	Carduus benedictus Gaert.	E	[84]	BA
Candeia	Fabaceae	Plathymenia reticulata Benth.	Plathymenia reticulata Benth.	N	[61, 74]	PI, MA
	Asteraceae	Gochnatia oligocephala (Gardner) Cabrera	Gochnatia oligocephala (Gardner) Cabrera	N	[80]	BA
Canela	Lamiaceae	Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume	Cinnamomum verum J. Presl	E	[11, 53, 63, 69, 76, 81, 83, 84, 93]	PE, RN, BA
	Lauraceae	Nectandra cuspidata Nees and Mart.	Nectandra cuspidata Nees and Mart.	N	[56]	PE
		Nectandra leucantha Nees and Mart.	Nectandra leucantha Nees and Mart.	N	[94]	PE
Mandacaru	Cactaceae	Cereus jamacaru DC.	Cereus jamacaru DC.	N	[1, 9, 52, 53, 56, 58–60, 63, 71, 75, 76, 78, 80, 88, 93–95]	PE, PB, SE, CE, RN, BA
		Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.	Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.	E	[66]	MA
Carqueja	Asteraceae	Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC.	Baccharis crispa Spreng.	N	[1, 68, 79, 83, 99]	PE, MA, RN, BA
Cidreira	Verbenaceae	Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br. ex Britton and P. Wilson	Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br. ex Britton and P. Wilson	N	[1, 3, 9, 11, 52, 53, 55, 57, 58, 61–63, 67–69, 72, 75, 76, 78, 79, 83, 93–95, 99, 100]	PE, PB, SE, CE, PI, MA, RN, BA
		Lippia citriodora Kunth	Aloysia citriodora Palau	E	[97]	SE
	Lamiaceae	Melissa officinalis  L.	Melissa officinalis  L.	E	[66, 81, 84, 92, 93]	PE, CE, MA, RN, BA
Pra tudo	Crassulaceae	Kalanchoe brasiliensis Cambess.	Kalanchoe crenata (Andrews) Haw.	E	[75]	PE
	Sapindaceae	Cardiospermum halicacabum  L.	Cardiospermum halicacabum  L.	N	[77]	PB
	Rutaceae	Zanthoxylum hamadryadicum Pirani	Zanthoxylum hamadryadicum Pirani	N	[74]	PI
	Fabaceae	Acosmium dasycarpum (Vogel) Yakovlev	Leptolobium dasycarpum Vogel	N	[78]	CE
Copaiba	Fabaceae	Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.	Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.	N	[61, 66]	MA
		Copaifera coriacea Mart.	Copaifera coriacea Mart.	N	[87]	PI
		Copaifera reticulata Ducke	Copaifera reticulata Ducke	N	[68]	MA
		Copaifera officinalis (Jacq.)   L.	Copaifera officinalis (Jacq.)   L.	N	[84]	BA
		Copaifera lucens Dwyer	Copaifera lucens Dwyer	N	[69]	BA
Courama	Malvaceae	Malvaviscus arboreus Cav.	Malvaviscus arboreus Cav.	E	[81]	RN
	Crassulaceae	Kalanchoe brasiliensis Cambess.	Kalanchoe crenata (Andrews) Haw.	E	[53, 55, 56, 65]	PE, CE
		Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln.	Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln.	E	[94]	PE
		Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken	Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.	E	[1, 65, 72, 84, 99]	PE, PB, RN, BA
		Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb.
		Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
Cordão de; São Francisco	Lamiaceae	Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br.	Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br.a	E	[9, 57, 60, 67, 68, 71]	PB, CE, PI, MA, BA
		Leucas martinicensis (Jacq.) R. Br.	Leucas martinicensis (Jacq.) R. Br.	E	[77]	PB
Embaúba	Urticaceae	Cecropia palmata Willd.	Cecropia palmata Willd.	N	[86]	PB
		Cecropia pachystachya Trécul	Cecropia pachystachya Trécul	N	[61, 67, 82, 85]	PB, MA, BA
		Cecropia peltata  L.	Cecropia peltata  L.	N	[74]	PI
Imbiriba	Annonaceae	Guatteria australis A. St.-Hil.	Guatteria australis A. St.-Hil.	N	[9]	CE
	Lecythidaceae	Eschweilera ovata (Cambess.) Miers	Eschweilera ovata (Cambess.) Miers	N	[56, 85, 86, 89]	PE, PB
Espinheira; santa	Fabaceae	Zollernia ilicifolia (Brongn.) Vogel	Zollernia ilicifolia (Brongn.) Vogel	N	[53]	PE
	Celastraceae	Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek	Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek	N	[68, 72, 79]	PB, MA, BA
Gengibre	Zingiberaceae	Zingiber officinale Roscoe	Zingiber officinale Roscoe	E	[53, 57, 66, 68, 72, 84, 93, 94]	PE, PB, PI, MA, BA
Graviola	Annonaceae	Annona muricata  L.	Annona muricata  L.	E	[3, 9, 11, 56, 63, 69, 75, 83, 93, 94, 99]	PE, PB, CE, RN, BA
		Rollinia sericea (R. E. Fr.) R. E. Fr.	Annona neosericea H. Rainer	N	[67]	BA
		Annona cherimola Mill.	Annona cherimola Mill.	E	[84]	BA
Jaboticaba	Myrtaceae	Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg	Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel	N	[52, 63, 69, 76]	PE, BA
Juá	Rhamnaceae	Ziziphus joazeiro Mart.	Ziziphus joazeiro Mart.	N	[3, 9, 56, 57, 59, 60, 62–64, 67, 68, 70–72, 74–76, 78, 80, 81, 85, 86, 88, 89, 92, 93, 95]	PE, PB, SE, CE, PI, MA, RN, BA
		Ziziphus cotinifolia Reissek	Ziziphus cotinifolia Reissek	N	[77, 88]	PB
Louro	Lauraceae	Laurus nobilis  L.	Laurus nobilis  L.	E	[81, 84, 93]	PE, RN, BA
		Ocotea glomerata (Nees) Mez	Ocotea glomerata (Nees) Mez	N	[56]	PE
		Ocimum gratisssimum  L.	Ocimum gratisssimum  L.	E	[52, 63, 76, 94]	PE
		Ocotea duckei Vattimo	Ocotea duckei Vattimo	N	[89]	PB
		Laurus azorica (Seub.) Franco	Laurus azorica (Seub.) Franco	E	[100]	PB
Erva doce	Apiaceae	Pimpinella anisum  L.	Pimpinella anisum  L.	E	[1, 3, 11, 52, 56, 63, 68, 76, 78, 79, 81, 83, 92, 93, 100]	PE, PB, CE, MA, RN, BA
		Foeniculum vulgare Mill.	Foeniculum vulgare Mill.	E	[53, 67, 69, 84, 94]	PE, BA
Endro	Apiaceae	Foeniculum vulgare Mill.	Foeniculum vulgare Mill.	E	[1, 3, 11, 52, 63, 78]	PE, PB, CE
		Anethum graveolens  L.	Anethum graveolens  L.	E	[53, 54, 57, 72, 93, 100]	PE, PB, PI
Alecrim	Lamiaceae	Rosmarinus officinalis  L.	Rosmarinus officinalis  L.	E	[3, 11, 52, 53, 56, 63, 65, 68, 69, 72, 75, 76, 78, 79, 84, 92, 93, 99, 100]	PE, PB, CE, MA, RN, BA
	Fabaceae	Calliandra depauperata Benth.	Calliandra depauperata Benth.	N	[60]	CE
	Verbenaceae	Lippia thymoides Mart. and Schauer	Lippia thymoides Mart. and Schauer	N	[80]	BA
Abacate	Lauraceae	Persea americana Mill.	Persea americana Mill.	E	[11, 63, 66, 67, 67–69, 76, 78, 79, 83, 84, 89, 94, 99]	PE, PB, CE, MA, RN, BA
Alfazema	Lamiaceae	Lavandula spica Cav.	Lavandula spica Cav.	E	[1, 93]	PE
		Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.	Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.	N	[60]	CE
		Lavandula officinalis Chaix	Lavandula officinalis Chaix	E	[99]	RN
		Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit.	Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit.	N	[52]	PE
	Verbenaceae	Aloysia lycioides Cham.	Aloysia lycioides Cham.	N	[69]	BA
Alumã	Asteraceae	Vernonia condensata Baker; Vernonia bahiensis Toledo	Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile); Sch.Bip. ex Walp.	N	[67, 79, 83, 84, 101]	SE, BA
Babosa	Xanthorrhoeaceae	Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.; Aloe barbadensis Mill.	Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.	E	[1, 3, 9, 11, 52, 53, 55–57, 66–69, 76, 78, 79, 81, 92–94, 99, 101]	PE, PB, SE, CE, PI, MA, RN, BA
		Aloe socotrina Schult. and Schult. f.	Aloe socotrina Schult. and Schult. f.	E	[83]	BA
Boldo	Monimiaceae	Peumus boldus Molina	Peumus boldus Molina	E	[1, 3, 52, 53, 63, 76, 81, 99, 100]	PE, PB, RN
	Lamiaceae	Plectranthus barbatus Andrews	Plectranthus barbatus Andrews	E	[57, 66, 69, 79]	PI, MA, BA
		Coleus barbatus (Andrews) Benth.			[79]	BA
		Plectranthus neochilus Schltr.	Plectranthus neochilus Schltr.	E	[67, 83]	BA
Cabacinha	Cucurbitaceae	Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn.	Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn.	N	[1, 3, 11, 53, 59, 62, 66, 68, 76, 77, 84, 88, 93]	PE, PB, MA, RN, BA
Camomila	Asteraceae	Matricaria chamomila  L.	Matricaria chamomila  L.	E	[3, 9, 11, 53, 67–69, 81, 84, 93]	PE, PB, CE, MA, RN, BA
		Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet	Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet	E	[94]	PE
Cana de macaco	Costaceae	Costus spicatus (Jacq.) Sw.	Costus spicatus (Jacq.) Sw.	N	[1, 78]	PE, CE
		Costus spiralis (Jacq.) Roscoe	Costus spiralis (Jacq.) Roscoe	N	[67, 94]	PE, BA
		Costus arabicus  L.	Costus arabicus  L.	N	[93]	PE
Canapum	Solanaceae	Physalis angulata  L.	Physalis angulata  L.	E	[57, 66, 68, 74]	PI, MA
	Passifloraceae	Passiflora foetida  L.	Passiflora foetida  L.	N	[70, 77]	PB
Caninana	Rubiaceae	Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc.	Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc.	N	[9, 82, 89]	PB, CE, BA
	Polygalaceae	Polygala paniculata L.	Polygala paniculata L.	N	[78]	CE
Capim santo	Poaceae	Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf	Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf	E	[1, 3, 9, 11, 52, 53, 55, 56, 63, 67, 69, 72, 75, 76, 78, 79, 83, 93, 94, 99–101]	PE, PB, SE, CE, RN, BA
Carambola	Oxalidaceae	Averrhoa carambola  L.	Averrhoa carambola  L.	E	[1, 11, 56, 57, 66, 79, 93, 94, 99]	PE, PI, MA, RN, BA
Carrapateira	Euphorbiaceae	Ricinus communis  L.	Ricinus communis  L.	E	[11, 56, 63, 71, 89, 93]	PE, PB
Cebola; branca	Liliaceae	Allium cepa  L.	Allium cepa  L.	E	[3, 9, 92]	PB, CE
		Allium ascalonicum L.	Allium ascalonicum L.	E	[53, 55, 69, 76]	PE, CE, BA
Chambá	Acanthaceae	Justicia pectoralis Jacq.	Justicia pectoralis Jacq.	N	[53, 56, 65, 94]	PE
Colônia	Zingiberaceae	Alpinia speciosa (Blume) D. Dietr.; Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B. L. Burtt and R. M. Sm.	Alpinia speciosa (Blume) D. Dietr.	E	[9, 53, 65, 76, 78, 84, 93, 94, 100]	PE, PB, CE, BA
Confrei	Boraginaceae	Symphytum officinale  L.	Symphytum officinale  L.	E	[53, 67, 69, 83, 84, 93, 94]	PE, BA
Cravo branco	Caryophyllaceae	Dianthus caryophyllus  L.	Dianthus caryophyllus  L.	E	[1, 11, 52, 53, 63, 65]	PE
	Asteraceae	Tagetes erecta  L.	Tagetes erecta  L.	E	[67, 72, 76, 93]	PE, PB
Erva moura	Solanaceae	Solanum americanum Mill.	Solanum americanum Mill.	E	[1, 11, 52, 53, 56, 57, 60, 76, 88]	PE, PB, CE, PI
Espinho; de cigano	Asteraceae	Acanthospermum hispidum DC.	Acanthospermum hispidum DC.	E	[1, 3, 11, 52, 56, 63, 72, 75, 76, 88, 94, 100]	PE, PB
Eucalipto	Myrtaceae	Eucalyptus globulus Labill.	Eucalyptus globulus Labill.	E	[9, 57, 63, 67, 69, 71, 72, 79, 81, 84, 92]	PE, PB, CE, PI, RN, BA
		Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.	Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.	E	[11, 55, 56, 94]	PE, CE
Pinha	Annonaceae	Annona squamosa  L.	Annona squamosa  L.	E	[11, 56, 63, 75, 76, 84, 93, 99]	PE, RN, BA
		Annona coriacea Mart.	Annona coriacea Mart.	N	[98]	CE
		Annona tomentosa R. E. Fr.	Annona tomentosa R. E. Fr.	N	[98]	CE
Mamoeiro	Caricaceae	Carica papaya  L.	Carica papaya  L.	E	[3, 55, 68, 83, 92, 94]	PE, PB, CE, MA, BA
Gergelim	Pedaliaceae	Sesamum orientale  L.	Sesamum orientale  L.	E	[3, 9, 11, 53, 67, 81, 92]	PE, PB, CE, RN
		Sesamum indicum  L.
Girassol	Asteraceae	Helianthus annuus  L.	Helianthus annuus  L.	E	[9, 11, 53, 56, 63, 68, 69, 72, 92, 93]	PE, PB, CE, MA, BA
		Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray	Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray	E	[76]	PE
Imbira	Annonaceae	Xylopia frutescens Aubl.	Xylopia frutescens Aubl.	N	[53, 86]	PE, PB
		Xylopia laevigata (Mart.) R. E. Fr.	Xylopia laevigata (Mart.) R. E. Fr.	N	[89]	PB
Ipe	Bignoniaceae	Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. and Hook. f. ex  S. Moore	Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. and Hook. f. ex  S. Moore	N	[82]	BA
		Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex  Griseb.	Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex  DC.) Mattos	N	[82]	BA
		Tabebuia chrysotricha (Mart. ex A. DC.) Standl.	Handroanthus chrysotrichus (Mart. ex  DC.) Mattos	N	[82]	BA
		Tabebuia roseo-alba (Ridl.) Sandwith	Tabebuia roseoalba (Ridl.) Sandwith	N	[82]	BA
Pau d’arco roxo	Bignoniaceae	Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb.; Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart.  ex  DC.) Standl.	Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart.  ex  DC.) Mattos	N	[3, 9, 11, 54, 56, 58, 60, 65, 69, 70, 74, 85, 89, 100]	PE, PB, SE, CE, PI, BA
Pau d’arco	Bignoniaceae	Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex  Griseb.	Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex  DC.) Mattos	N	[53, 62, 80]	PE, RN, BA
		Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex  DC.) Standl.
		Tabebuia ochracea (Cham.) Standl.	Handroanthus ochraceus (Cham.) Mattos	N	[93]	PE
		Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) G. Nicholson	Handroanthus serratifolius (A.H.Gentry) S. Grose	N	[74, 86]	PB, PI
		Tabebuia spongiosa Rizzini	Handroanthus spongiosus (Rizzini) S.Grose	N	[74]	PI
		Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. and Hook. f. ex  S. Moore	Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. and Hook. f. ex  S. Moore	N	[63, 92]	PE, CE
		Tabebuia caraiba (Mart.) Bureau
Pepaconha	Violaceae	Hybanthus ipecacuanha (L.) Baill.; Hybanthus calceolaria (L.) Oken	Hybanthus calceolaria (L.) Oken	N	[9, 53, 55, 56, 59, 71, 75, 77, 88, 90, 93, 94]	PE, PB, CE, RN
	Rubiaceae	Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes; Cephaelis ipecacuanha (Brot.) A. Rich.	Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. Andersson	N	[1, 11, 81]	PE, RN
Losna	Asteraceae	Artemisia absinthium  L.	Artemisia absinthium  L.	E	[9, 54, 93]	PE, PB, CE
		Artemisia vulgaris  L.	Artemisia vulgaris  L.	E	[1, 65]	PE
Macassa	Lamiaceae	Aeollanthus suaveolens Mart. ex  Spreng.	Aeollanthus suaveolens Mart. ex  Spreng.	E	[53, 56, 63, 65, 76, 84]	PE, PB, BA
Jatobá	Fabaceae	Hymenaea courbaril  L.	Hymenaea courbaril  L.	N	[9, 53, 55, 61, 63, 66, 68, 71, 75, 76, 80, 85–87, 89, 92, 93, 100]	PE, PB, CE, PI, MA, BA
		Hymenaea martiana Hayne	Hymenaea martiana Hayne	N	[56]	PE
		Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex  Hayne	Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex  Hayne	N	[69, 98]	CE, BA
		Hymenaea aurea Y. T. Lee and Langenh.	Hymenaea aurea Y. T. Lee and Langenh.	N	[74]	PI
Jerimum	Cucurbitaceae	Cucurbita pepo  L.	Cucurbita pepo  L.	E	[11, 56, 68, 76, 93, 100]	PE, PB, MA
		Cucurbita argyrosperma Hort. ex L. H. Bailey	Cucurbita argyrosperma Hort. ex L. H. Bailey	E	[78]	CE
Hortelã; miuda	Lamiaceae	Coleus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq.	Coleus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq.	E	[67]	PE
		Mentha piperita  L.	Mentha piperita  L.	E	[3]	PB
		Mentha viridis (L.) L.	Mentha spicata  L.	E	[69]	BA
Hortelã; grauda	Lamiaceae	Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng.	Plectranthus unguentarius Codd	E	[3, 53, 56, 69]	PE, PB, BA
Limão	Rutaceae	Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle	Citrus aurantium  L.	E	[9]	CE
		Citrus limonia (L.) Osbeck	Citrus medica  L.	E	[56, 66, 69, 78, 79, 81, 84, 92, 99]	PE, CE, MA, RN, BA
		Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck
		Citrus limonum Risso
Macela	Arecaceae	Egletes viscosa (L.) Less.	Egletes viscosa (L.) Less.	E	[1, 3, 9, 11, 53, 59, 60, 67, 72, 75, 78, 84, 88, 101]	PE, PB, SE, CE, RN, BA
	Asteraceae	Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC.	Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC.	N	[81, 99]	RN
	Lamiaceae	Hyptis martiusii Benth.	Hyptis martiusii Benth.	N	[80]	BA
Malicia	Fabaceae	Mimosa invisa Mart. ex Colla	Mimosa invisa Mart. ex Colla	N	[56]	PE
		Schrankia leptocarpa DC.	Mimosa candollei R. Grether	N	[56]	PE
		Mimosa misera Benth.	Mimosa misera Benth.	N	[90]	RN
		Mimosa somnians Humb. and Bonpl. ex Willd.	Mimosa somnians Humb. and Bonpl. ex Willd.	N	[85]	PB
		Mimosa pudica  L.	Mimosa pudica  L.	N	[78]	CE
Malva	Sterculiaceae	Piriqueta racemosa (Jacq.) Sweet	Piriqueta racemosa (Jacq.) Sweet	N	[95]	SE
		Melochia tomentosa  L.	Melochia tomentosa  L.	N	[75]	PE
		Waltheria indica  L.	Waltheria americana  L.	N	[78]	CE
		Piriqueta guianensis N. E. Br.	Piriqueta guianensis N. E. Br.	N	[95]	SE
	Lamiaceae	Plectranthus barbatus Andrews	Plectranthus barbatus Andrews	E	[55]	CE
	Malvaceae	Malva sylvestris  L.	Malva erecta J. Presl and C. Presl	E	[81, 99]	RN
		Sida linifolia Cav.	Sida linifolia Cav.	N	[89]	PB
Manga; espada	Anacardiaceae	Mangifera indica  L.	Mangifera indica  L.	E	[52, 69, 76]	PE
Capitãozinho	Gomphrenaceae	Gomphrena demissa Mart.	Gomphrena demissa Mart.	N	[54, 59, 62, 71, 77]	PB, RN
Malva; rosa	Sterculiaceae	Melochia tomentosa  L.	Melochia tomentosa  L.	N	[3]	PB
	Geraniaceae	Geranium erodifolium  L.	Geranium erodifolium  L.	E	[53]	PE
	Malvaceae	Alcea rosea  L.	Althaea rosea (L.) Cav.	E	[100]	PB
		Urena lobata  L.	Urena lobata  L.	N	[1, 11, 93]	PE
Malva; branca	Sterculiaceae	Waltheria rotundifolia Schrank	Waltheria rotundifolia Schrank	N	[3]	PB
	Malvaceae	Sida cordifolia  L.	Sida cordifolia  L.	N	[1, 57, 60, 67, 69, 88]	PE, PB, CE, PI, BA
		Sida galheirensis Ulbr.	Sida galheirensis Ulbr.	N	[77]	PB
Manjericão	Lamiaceae	Ocimum basilicum  L.	Ocimum basilicum  L.	E	[3, 53, 55, 65, 67, 69, 72, 76, 78, 79, 81, 94, 101]	PE, PB, SE, CE, RN, BA
		Ociumum americanum  L.	Ocumum americanum  L.	E	[57, 78, 83, 93]	PE, CE, PI, BA
		Ocimum minimum  L.	Ocimum minimum  L.	E	[68]	MA
		Ocimum sanctum  L.	Ocimum tenuiflorum  L.	E	[84]	BA
Mastruz	Chenopodiaceae	Chenopodium ambrosioides  L.	Chenopodium ambrosioides  L.	E	[1, 3, 9, 11, 52, 53, 55–57, 59, 61–63, 66–69, 72, 75, 76, 79–81, 83, 92–94, 100]	PE, PB, CE, PI, MA, RN, BA
Melão de São Caetano	Cucurbitaceae	Momordica charantia  L.	Momordica charantia  L.	E	[53, 55–57, 60, 66, 72, 75, 76, 79, 83–85, 90, 92, 94, 99]	PE, PB, CE, PI, MA, RN, BA
Mufumbo	Combretaceae	Combretum fruticosum (Loefl.) Stuntz	Combretum fruticosum (Loefl.) Stuntz	N	[57, 70]	PB, PI
		Combretum leprosum Mart.	Combretum leprosum Mart.	N	[62, 71, 90]	PB, RN
		Combretum mellifluum Eichler	Combretum mellifluum Eichler	N	[61]	MA
Mutamba	Sterculiaceae	Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.	Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.	N	[1, 11, 54, 56, 66, 69, 82, 85, 86, 94]	PE, PB, MA, BA
	Ulmaceae	Trema micrantha (L.) Blume	Trema micrantha (L.) Blume	N	[74]	PI
Pereiro	Apocynaccae	Aspidosperma parvifolium A. DC.	Aspidosperma parvifolium A. DC.	N	[94]	PE
		Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart.	Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart.	N	[3, 52, 53, 58, 59, 62, 63, 70, 73–77, 80, 88, 95]	PE, PB, SE, PI, RN, BA
	Tiliaceae	Luehea ochrophylla Mart.	Luehea ochrophylla Mart.	N	[56]	PE
Pega pinto	Nyctaginaceae	Boerhavia diffusa  L.	Boerhavia diffusa  L.	E	[1, 3, 9, 11, 52, 53, 57, 59, 61, 63, 75, 76, 78, 90, 93–95]	PE, PB, SE, CE, PI, MA, RN
		Boerhavia  coccinea Mill.	Boerhavia  coccinea Mill.	E	[55, 60, 69]	CE, BA
		Boerhavia hirsuta Jacq.
Pitanga	Myrtaceae	Eugenia uniflora  L.	Eugenia uniflora  L.	N	[11, 52, 56, 63, 67, 69, 75, 76, 78, 79, 83, 93, 94]	PE, CE, BA
		Eugenia pitanga (O. Berg) Kiaersk.	Eugenia pluriflora DC.	N	[84]	BA
Pinhão roxo	Euphorbiaceae	Jatropha gossypiifolia  L.	Jatropha gossypiifolia  L.	N	[56, 57, 69, 71, 75, 76, 78, 99]	PE, PB, CE, PI, RN, BA
		Jatropha ribifolia (Pohl) Baill.	Jatropha ribifolia (Pohl) Baill.	N	[80]	BA
Poejo	Lamiaceae	Mentha pulegium  L.	Mentha pulegium  L.	E	[53, 67, 83, 93]	PE, BA
Quebra faca	Euphorbiaceae	Croton conduplicatus Kunth	Croton conduplicatus Kunth	N	[9]	CE
		Croton rhamnifolius Willd.	Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth	N	[53]	PE
		Croton cordiifolius Baill.	Croton cordiifolius Baill.	N	[60]	CE
Quiabo	Malvaceae	Hibiscus esculentus  L.	Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench	E	[53, 55, 56, 66, 67, 76, 78, 84]	PE, CE, MA, BA
		Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench
Quina	Rubiaceae	Coutarea hexandra (Jacq.) K. Schum.	Coutarea hexandra (Jacq.) K. Schum.	N	[9, 53, 58, 69, 71, 76, 86, 94]	PE, PB, SE, CE, BA
		Cinchona calisaya Wedd.	Cinchona officinalis  L.	N	[66]	MA
	Simaroubaceae	Quassia amara  L.	Quassia amara  L.	N	[68]	MA
	Rubiaceae	Chiococca brachiata Ruiz and Pav.	Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc.	N	[80]	BA
Romã	Punicaceae	Punica granatum  L.	Punica granatum  L.	E	[3, 9, 53–55, 57, 61, 63, 65, 68, 69, 72, 76, 78, 79, 81, 83, 93, 99, 100]	PE, PB, CE, PI, MA, RN, BA
	Brassicaceae	Armoracia rusticana G. Gaertn., B. Mey., and Scherb.	Armoracia rusticana G. Gaertn., B. Mey., and Scherb.	E	[84]	BA
Saião	Crassulaceae	Kalanchoe brasiliensis Cambess.	Kalanchoe brasiliensis Cambess.	E	[3, 53, 72]	PE, PB
Salsa	Convolvulaceae	Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. and Schult.	Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. and Schult.	N	[11, 56, 57, 59, 60, 65, 78, 85, 89]	PE, PB, CE, PI, RN
		Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br.	Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br.	N	[95]	SE
	Apiaceae	Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss	Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss	E	[67]	BA
		Petroselinum sativum Hoffm.	Petroselinum sativum Hoffm.	E	[84]	BA
Sambacaitá	Lamiaceae	Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit.	Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit.	N	[58, 80, 93]	PE, SE, BA
		Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.	Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.	N	[94]	PE
		Hyptis mutabilis (Rich.) Briq.	Hyptis mutabilis (Rich.) Briq.	N	[76]	PE
Sena	Fabaceae	Senna acutifolia Link	Senna alexandrina Mill.	N	[53]	PE
		Senna corymbosa (Lam.) H. S. Irwin and Barneby	Senna corymbosa (Lam.) H. S. Irwin and Barneby	N	[94]	PE
		Senna martiana (Benth.) H. S. Irwin and Barneby	Senna martiana (Benth.) H. S. Irwin and Barneby	N	[77]	PB
		Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers.	Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers.	N	[69]	BA
Sucupira	Fabaceae	Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth	Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth	N	[1, 11, 56, 76, 86, 89, 98]	PE, PB, CE
		Bowdichia nitida Spruce ex Benth.	Bowdichia nitida Spruce ex Benth.	N	[68]	MA
Tamarino	Fabaceae	Tamarindus indica  L.	Tamarindus indica  L.	E	[9, 11, 56, 57, 61, 63, 72, 83, 84, 92, 93]	PE, PB, CE, PI, MA, BA
Guiné	Phytolacacceae	Petiveria alliacea  L.	Petiveria alliacea  L.	N	[53, 72, 84]	PE, PB, BA
		Petiveria tetrandra B. A. Gomes	Petiveria tetrandra B. A. Gomes	N	[79]	BA
Urucum	Bixaceae	Bixa orellana  L.	Bixa orellana  L.	N	[9, 55, 56, 61, 66, 69, 78, 81, 83, 84, 92]	PE, CE, MA, RN, BA
Tiririca	Cyperaceae	Cyperus ligularis  L.	Cyperus ligularis  L.	N	[95]	SE
		Cyperus surinamensis Rottb.	Cyperus surinamensis Rottb.	N	[95]	SE
		Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl	Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl	N	[95]	SE
		Fimbristylis littoralis Gaudich.	Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl	N	[95]	SE
Junco	Cyperaceae	Eleocharis interstincta (Vahl) Roem. and Schult.	Eleocharis interstincta (Vahl) Roem. and Schult.	N	[56]	PE
		Eleocharis elegans (Kunth) Roem. and Schult.	Eleocharis elegans (Kunth) Roem. and Schult.	N	[60]	CE
		Cyperus articulatus  L.	Cyperus articulatus  L.	N	[59]	RN
		Cyperus esculentus  L.	Cyperus esculentus  L.	N	[54]	PB
Tomate	Solanaceae	Lycopersicon esculentum MilL.	Solanum lycopersicum  L.	E	[56, 57, 67, 93, 99]	PE, PI, RN
		Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Hornem.	Physalis philadelphica Lam.	E	[68]	MA
Trapiá	Capparidaceae	Crataeva tapia  L.	Crataeva tapia  L.	E	[53, 57, 63, 66, 70, 73, 75]	PE, PB, PI, MA
Urtiga branca	Euphorbiaceae	Cnidoscolus urens (L.) Arthur	Cnidoscolus urens (L.) Arthur	N	[1, 11, 53, 56, 59, 71]	PE, PB, RN
		Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus (Mull. Arg.) Pax and L. Hoffm.	Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus (Mull. Arg.) Pax and L. Hoffm.	N	[76]	PE
		Cnidoscolus infestus Pax and K. Hoffm.	Cnidoscolus infestus Pax and K. Hoffm.	N	[77]	PB
	Lamiaceae	Lamium album  L.	Lamium album  L.	E	[100]	PB
	Loasaceae	Aosa rupestris (Gardner) Weigend	Aosa rupestris (Gardner) Weigend	N	[77]	PB
	Urticaceae	Urtica urens  L.	Urtica urens  L.	E	[54]	PB
Jurema branca	Fabaceae	Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke	Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke	N	[3, 11, 60, 90]	PE, PB, CE, RN
		Senegalia piauhiensis (Benth.) Seigler and Ebinger	Senegalia piauhiensis (Benth.) Seigler and Ebinger	N	[58]	SE
		Calliandra spinosa Ducke	Calliandra spinosa Ducke	N	[90]	RN
		Mimosa ophthalmocentra Mart. ex Benth.	Mimosa ophthalmocentra Mart. ex Benth.	N	[85]	PB
		Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir.	Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir.	N	[95]	SE
		Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.	Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight and Arn.	N	[63, 73]	PE
Jurema; preta	Fabaceae	Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir.	Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir.	N	[1, 3, 9, 11, 52, 53, 58–60, 63, 70–73, 75, 79–81, 85, 93, 95]	PE, PB, SE, CE, RN, BA
		Mimosa acutistipula (Mart.) Benth.	Mimosa acutistipula (Mart.) Benth.	N	[54]	PB
Jurubeba; branca	Solanaceae	Solanum rhytidoandrum Sendtn.	Solanum rhytidoandrum Sendtn.	N	[58, 77, 88]	PB, SE
		Solanum polytrichum Moric.	Solanum polytrichum Moric.	N	[82]	BA
		Solanum stipulaceum Roem. and Schult.	Solanum stipulaceum Roem. and Schult.	N	[60]	CE
		Solanum albidum Dunal	Solanum albidum Dunal	E	[55]	CE
Imburana de cheiro	Fabaceae	Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A. C. Sm.	Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A. C. Sm.	N	[1, 52, 57, 60, 63, 67, 72, 76, 77, 92]	PE, PB, CE, PI
	Anacardiaceae	Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão	Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão	N	[53]	PE

PE: Pernambuco, PB: Paraiba. SE: Sergipe, CE: Ceará. RN: Rio Grande do Norte, BA: Bahia, MA: Maranhão, PI: Piauí.