Evaluation of Acute 13-Week Subchronic Toxicity and Genotoxicity of the Powdered Root of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack)

Table 3

Micronucleus assay of E. longifolia powdered root in vivo.

Treatment	Dose	Frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (‰)			Ratio of polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) to total erythrocytes (%)
		Day 1	Day 2	Day 3	Day 1	Day 2	Day 3
Negative^1	0	1.67±0.58	1.33±0.63	1.60±0.76	4.00±1.00	4.20±0.84	4.40±0.89
Positive cyclophosphamide (mg/kg b.w.)	200	10.53±2.60^∗∗∗	12.27±3.68^∗∗∗	10.33±1.62^∗∗∗	1.20±0.45^∗∗∗	1.00±1.00^∗∗∗	0.80±0.45^∗∗∗
E. longifolia powdered root (g/kg b.w.)	0.6	1.67±0.34	1.13±0.56	1.53±0.65	5.60±1.14	5.20±0.84	5.40±0.55
	1.2	1.80±0.45	1.46±0.50	1.13±0.64	5.20±0.84	5.40±0.55	5.20±0.84
	2.0	1.60±0.37	1.93±0.72	1.47±0.38	5.20±0.84	5.00±0.71	5.20±0.84

Both the ratios of polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) to total erythrocytes (%) and the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (%) in treated group were not statistically different from those of the negative control animals, suggesting that the treatment with E. longifolia powdered root did not cause erythropoietic cell toxicity and genotoxicity in vivo. Data were expressed as Mean ± S.D. (𝑁=5). Statistical analysis: ^∗𝑃<0.05,^∗∗𝑃<0.01, and ^∗∗∗𝑃<0.001 indicate a statistical difference with the control group by one-way ANOVA.
1Mice in negative control group received single gavage of vehicle (sterile water).