Flavonoids Induce the Synthesis and Secretion of Neurotrophic Factors in Cultured Rat Astrocytes: A Signaling Response Mediated by Estrogen Receptor
Figure 4
Flavonoids induce the phosphorylation of estrogen receptor. (a) Cultured astrocytes were serum starved for 3 hours with or without the pretreatment of ICI 182, 780 for another 3 hours. Then calycosin, isorhamnetin, luteolin, and genistein at 10 M were applied onto the cell cultures for a different time. 17-Estradiol (10 nM) served as the positive control. Total ER and S118 phosphorylated ER (both at 66 kDa) were revealed by using specific antibodies. (b) Quantification plot for the phosphorylation level of ER induced by flavonoids. Data are Means SEM, , each with triplicate samples.
