A Systematic, Integrated Study on the Neuroprotective Effects of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Revealed by ¹H NMR-Based Metabonomics and the NF-𝜿B Pathway

Figure 7

Effect of HSYA on cytokine mRNA expression at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h. (a) TNF-α mRNA expression, (b) IL-1βmRNA expression, (c) IL-6 mRNA expression, and (d) IL-10 mRNA expression. Data represent 𝑥±𝑠. 𝑛=6 each group; results represent at least three independent experiments. ^##𝑃<0.01 compared with sham group. *𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01 compared with model group.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)