Cyclohexylmethyl Flavonoids Suppress Propagation of Breast Cancer Stem Cells via Downregulation of NANOG
Figure 1
NANOG expression plays an important role in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. (a) Total cell number of MCF-7, NANOG-overexpressing MCF-7, and NANOG-knockdown MCF-7 cells ( cells in 12-well plates) were counted after 24, 72 hours of culture (). (b) Mammosphere formation in sphere-forming medium for 28 days. Total mammospheres were counted under a microscope at days 28. Mean of three independent experiments ± SEM. **, * versus control mammospheres. (c) Eighteen SCID mice were divided into three groups (6 mice/group). The MCF-7 orthotopic tumors in SCID mice were formed with vector control, NANOG-overexpressing, and NANOG-knockdown MCF-7 cells (). The tumor volumes of SCID mice were measured weekly. The average tumor volume of MCF-7 tumors was removed from SCID after 4 weeks. ***, ** versus vector control (d) NANOG overexpression enhanced expression of the cancer stem cell marker SOX2 and MUC1 in tumor xenografts. Hematoxylin-Eosin stain and Immunohistochemical detection (x200) for NANOG, SOX2 and MUC1 on vector control, NANOG-overexpressing and NANOG-knockdown tumor xenografts.
