Populus balsamifera Extract and Its Active Component Salicortin Reduce Obesity and Attenuate Insulin Resistance in a Diet-Induced Obese Mouse Model
Table 4
Effects of obesity, P. balsamifera, and salicortin treatments on tissue components involved in glucose and lipid homeostasis.
DIO
P. balsamifera 125 mg/kg
P. balsamifera 250 mg/kg
DIO
Salicortin 12.5 mg/kg
Muscle
Glut4
150 ± 63
321 ± 174
151 ± 52
70 ± 33
59 ± 7
pAkt/Akt
214 ± 59†
195 ± 47
267 ± 82
96 ± 23
120 ± 29
phospho p44/42 Mapk/44/42Mapk
178 ± 83
99 ± 15
273 ± 84
47 ± 11
pAMPk/AMPk
138 ± 43
79 ± 10
97 ± 22
108 ± 16
108 ± 22
pACC/ACC
122 ± 28
171 ± 56
157 ± 38
106 ± 22
89 ± 26
PPARα/β-actine
97 ± 23
143 ± 44
195 ± 90
162 ± 69
FAS/β-actine
118 ± 30
100 ± 39
77 ± 18
114 ± 16
143 ± 29
Liver
pAkt/Akt
66 ± 14
139 ± 18*
124 ± 17*
106 ± 28
129 ± 37
phospho p44/42 Mapk/44/42Mapk
68 ± 21
48 ± 21
66 ± 14
109 ± 35
96 ± 44
pACC/ACC
105 ± 41
117 ± 74
114 ± 62
71 ± 26
77 ± 31
PPARα/β-actine
63 ± 6†
88 ± 20
75 ± 13
107 ± 26
147 ± 26
UCP-2/β-actine
94 ± 19
107 ± 29
88 ± 26
151 ± 32
149 ± 27
CPT-l/β-actine
84 ± 12
100 ± 8
86 ± 9
86 ± 6
83 ± 9
FAS/β-actine
69 ± 17
69 ± 22
59 ± 25
86 ± 27
74 ± 15
SREBPl-c/β-actine
88 ± 16
112 ± 27
121 ± 37
109 ± 14
109 ± 17
CD36/β-actine
63 ± 7†
93 ± 19
64 ± 3
69 ± 8†
67 ± 6
pIKKα β/β-actine
108 ± 23
62 ± 31
75 ± 12
114 ± 21
129 ± 21
Adipose tissue
pAkt/Akt
112 ± 13
186 ± 37 (P = 0.068)
110 ± 15
138 ± 18
109 ± 14
phospho p44/42 Mapk/44/42Mapk
133 ± 31
103 ± 12
79 ± 10
156 ± 23†
128 ± 21
PPARγ/β-actine
73 ± 17
74 ± 15
102 ± 30
85 ± 12
116 ± 15
pACC/ACC
139 ± 46
119 ± 66
157 ± 70
95 ± 30
86 ± 20
CPT-l/β-actine
81 ± 9
86 ± 10
119 ± 19 ()
89 ± 11
99 ± 14
FABP/-actine
85 ± 11
71 ± 6
83 ± 10
FAS/β-actine
40 ± 5†
33 ± 8
56 ± 11
49 ± 7†
45 ± 7
SREBP-1 c/β-actine
77 ± 6
88 ± 9
96 ± 19
86 ± 7
87 ± 11
Samples of muscle, liver, and WAT were obtained after 16 weeks of treatment with either standard diet (Chow), HFD (DIO), and for the last 8 of the 16 weeks with HFD in combination with P. balsamifera at 125 or 250 mg/kg, or with the active salicortin at 12.5 mg/kg. The samples were homogenized and analyzed by immunoblotting. Blots were quantified by densitometry. All values are expressed as percentage of respective Chow (reference set at 100%) and represent the mean ± SEM. The number of animals for each group for the P. balsamifera protocol was: CHOW (); DIO (); P. balsamifera 125 (); P. balsamifera 250 (); and for the salicortin protocol: CHOW (); DIO (); salicortin (). †denotes DIO significantly different as compared to Chow (unpaired Student’s t test; P < 0.05). *denotes significantly different as compared to respective DIO (one way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test; P < 0.05).denotes significantly different as compared to respective DIO (unpaired Student’s t test; P < 0.05).
